【作者】 王晓辉；

【导师】 刘力钢；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 企业管理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 面对动态变化的环境，企业要获得持续成长是战略管理领域一个经典而受到持续关注的问题。然而，资源基础观、核心能力观等传统的企业成长理论都是从战略原子主义的观点出发对企业成长进行研究，无法全面地反映企业成长的真实状况，同时对企业成长的解释也并不充分。本研究将社会网络视为一种特殊类别的资源，采用社会资本的视角对企业成长进行研究。在资源基础观等企业成长理论的基础上，本研究采用逻辑分析和实证分析等方法，利用社会资本理论和动态能力理论，构建企业社会资本、动态能力、企业成长三者之间的作用关系的理论模型，并通过中小型制造业企业调查问卷数据的统计分析，应用结构方程模型对理论模型进行实证检验，分析企业社会资本、动态能力对企业成长的影响。本研究通过对企业成长理论及相关研究的文献梳理发现，基于原子主义的企业成长理论认为企业是独立的原子，在非人格化的市场中为了获取利润而彼此竞争，忽略了企业所处的社会网络是一种特殊类别的资源并且可以对企业成长做出贡献。另外，这些企业成长理论忽视了企业的“人文生命特征”，即企业在社会网络中表现出的社会性。而采用社会资本视角对此问题加以研究是企业成长理论的有益补充。同时，在有关社会资本对企业成长影响问题的研究中，还存在着一些局限：第一，对企业成长的全面研究相对缺乏，目前还主要集中于社会资本对技术创新、企业绩效等问题的研究。第二，社会资本的概念定义与维度划分庞杂，社会资本是一种网络结构、能力还是资源，有待明确；企业家社会资本与企业社会资本的概念存在相互替代、界定不清晰的问题。第三，企业社会资本对企业成长的以往研究中，没有全面地从企业社会资本的各个维度去考察对企业成长的影响。第四，在动态能力的研究中，其研究的对象往往是高科技等产业环境变化剧烈的企业，而对产业环境变化相对缓和产业中的企业研究较少。第五，企业社会资本对企业成长的作用机理尚待进一步剖析。企业社会资本是否直接作用于企业成长，还是需要通过中介变量对其产生作用有待实证研究的证明。企业处于特定的社会网络之中，企业的社会资本就产生于社会网络。社会资本与其他种类的资源一样，是不断继承和积累起来的。正是由于这种积累的过程，使社会资本与其他类型的资源一样都具有了异质性，难以被模仿和替代。它根植于个人之间、企业之间的网络之中，是一种共有的结构性资源；这种资源为网络中的成员共同占有，对于网络以外的企业却具有排他性。社会资本作为一种特殊的企业资源，实际上扩宽了资源的概念，同时也拓宽了能力理论的能力内生观。因此，在企业成长理论分析框架“资源一能力一企业成长”的基础上，本研究将企业社会资本视为一种特殊的资源，对此框架的内容加以补充，将其纳入企业资源的范畴。本研究对社会资本理论的形成与发展、内涵、分析层次、维度划分与测量等相关研究加以整理与分析，并明确了本研究中企业社会资本的概念与维度。本研究认为动态能力是不同于企业核心能力和一般运营能力的一种高阶能力；动态能力是对资源进行整合、重新配置、获取和释放的能力；是对企业资源进行改变的能力；是实现动态资源匹配而优化资源组合的能力；是一种更新能力的能力。因此，将动态能力纳入理论分析框架。在建立“企业社会资本—动态能力—企业成长”的理论模型之后，对企业社会资本、动态能力对企业成长影响的机理进行分析，分别对企业社会资本对企业成长的影响、动态能力对企业成长的影响以及企业社会资本对动态能力的影响进行了理论分析。在此基础上，提出研究假说、构建三者之间的概念模型，并设计了调查问卷。将中小型制造企业作为被试对象，利用SPSS16.0软件和Lisrel8.51软件对样本数据进行效度检验、信度检验和结构方程建模。通过对结构方程的拟合评价与模型修正，检验本研究理论模型的有效性。经过对数据进行分析，得出研究结论。本研究通过理论与实证研究，得出如下研究结论：1、从社会资本的视角对企业成长进行研究，证明了企业社会资本对企业成长具有重要意义；2、企业社会资本各个维度对企业成长的作用方式不同，企业在利用社会资本方面的差异，决定了企业社会资本的结构与关系维度能否有利于企业成长；3、企业社会资本的认知维度直接对企业成长起到积极促进作用，企业应该注重培养企业间共同的认知范式以实现成长；4、企业社会资本通过动态能力对企业成长产生积极影响，企业动态能力对企业成长有显著的积极影响，是企业着力发展的高阶能力；5、基于社会资本的视角，确立了“企业社会资本—动态能力—企业成长”的理论分析框架，促使企业应共同发展企业社会资本与动态能力以促进企业成长。本研究围绕着企业社会资本对企业成长的影响，以及动态能力的中介作用进行讨论和研究，从以下三方面进行了尝试性理论创新：1、本研究基于企业社会资本的视角，将动态能力作为中介变量分析两者对企业成长的影响，充实了社会资本的相关理论。本研究基于社会资本视角研究企业成长，将社会资本作为企业的战略性资源。从企业间关系出发，突破以往仅以企业内部资源为关注焦点的研究，考虑企业置于各种关系网络形成各节点间的相互作用，揭示并探讨对企业成长的作用机理，为企业成长研究提供了一个全新的研究视角，丰富了社会资本相关理论。2、本研究通过系统研究企业社会资本、动态能力与企业成长相关理论，构建并验证企业社会资本—动态能力—企业成长的理论模型。本研究以我国中小制造业企业为调查对象，阐释了我国中小制造业企业成长受企业社会资本、动态能力的影响机理，整合研究了社会资本、动态能力、企业成长三个变量，利用结构方程模型探讨并验证了企业社会资本与动态能力各维度对企业成长的影响，为企业成长的研究提供了新的理论框架和模型。3、本研究将动态能力作为中介变量引入到企业成长影响因素的模型中，拓展了动态能力应用的适用范围。以往对动态能力的研究主要集中于高科技企业等环境变化迅速的行业，而且将动态能力作为中间变量研究企业成长的文献较少，相应的实证分析更是匮乏。本文通过结构方程对理论模型进行验证，一定程度上丰富了企业成长的实证研究。本文通过理论与实证分析，从企业社会资本和动态能力的视角探讨企业成长问题，为企业更好地培育和积累企业的社会资本、发挥动态能力，更有效地获取战略资源，思考企业长期持续成长的路径提供了一定的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Facing the dynamic change of environment, the enterprise to achieve sustainablegrowth is a classic subject of continuing concern in strategic management field.However, the traditional theories of firm growth, e.g. resource-based theory, the corecompetence view, etc., are from the viewpoint of strategic Atomism which cannotfully reflect the real condition of firm growth, and the explanation for firm growth isnot sufficient. This study used the perspective of social capital on firm growthresearch regarding the social networks as a special category of resources. Based onresource-based view and other firm growth theories, this research adopted themethods of logical analysis and empirical analysis, and analyzed the impact of socialcapital and dynamic capabilities on firm growth, by using the theory of social capitaland dynamic capabilities theory to establish the theoretical model of the relationshipamong enterprise social capital, dynamic capabilities and firm growth, through thestatistical analysis of survey data collected from small and medium sizedmanufacturing enterprises and empirical testing the theoretical model by structuralequation modeling.Based on the review of firm growth theories and related research literature, thisresearch found that the firm growth theories, which based on Atomism, believes thatenterprises are independent atomies in impersonal market competing with each otherin order to obtain profits. These theories ignore the enterprise’s social network is aspecial category of resources that can contribute to firm growth. Moreover, thesefirm-growth theories ignore the humanity vital feature of enterprises, which is thesociality demonstrated by enterprises in the social networks. The use of social capitalperspective on the research of this issue is a useful complement to firm growththeories. Simultaneously, some limitations exist in the researches of the impact ofsocial capital on firm growth. Firstly, it is lack of comprehensive studies on firmgrowth and mainly focus on the impact of social capital on technology innovation orbusiness performance so far. Secondly, the concept of social capital, the dimensiondivision and whether social capital is network structure, capability or resource remainto be further defined. Thirdly, the previous researches of the impact of social capital on firm growth are not from every dimension to explore the effects. Fourthly, theresearch objects in the studies of dynamic capabilities are enterprises in theenvironment of rapid change, such as high-tech industry enterprise, and the researchesabout the enterprises in the relative ease of industrial environmental changes are less.Fifthly, the mechanism of the impact of social capital on firm growth need to befurther analyzed yet. Whether enterprise social capital directly impact on firm growthor through mediator to affect it, which still need to be proved.Enterprises are in the specific social networks and corporate social capital isgenerated in social networks. Social capital, which is like the other types of resource,is constantly inherited and accumulated. Because of the process of accumulation,social capital and other type of resources have the heterogenicity, which is difficult toimitate and substitute. It is a shard structural resource rooted in the networks amongindividuals or firms; such resource as the common possession of the members innetwork is exclusive to other firms outside the network. As the special enterpriseresource, social capital has broadened the concept of resource and the endogenousperspective of firm growth theories. Thus, based on ‘resources-capability-firmgrowth’, the analytical framework of firm growth theory, enterprise social capital isincluded in the scope of corporate resources as a special type of it to supplement thisframework. After collating and analyzing the formation and development, levels ofanalysis, classification and measurement of dimensions and implications of socialcapital theory, this research clarified the concept and dimension of social capital. Thisstudy suggested that dynamic capability is a high-level capability which differentfrom the core competence and general operational ability. Dynamic capabilities arethose ones to integrate, reconfigure, gain and release resources, to renew capabilitiesand to achieve optimal mix of resources with dynamic resource matching. Thereforedynamic capabilities are included in this theoretical framework.After established the theory model of ‘social capital-dynamic capabilities-firmgrowth’, this research analyzed mechanism of the impact of enterprise social capital,dynamic capabilities on firm growth, and did the theoretical analysis on the impact ofenterprise social capital on firm growth, the impact of dynamic capabilities on firmgrowth and the impact of enterprise social capital on dynamic capabilities respectively. On this basis, the research hypotheses were proposed, conceptual model was built andquestionnaire was designed. The small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprisesas test object, the validity and credibility of sample data were tested and structuralequation model was built by the software Lisrel8.51and SPSS16.0. Through theevaluation of SEM’s fitness and model modification, this research tested the validityof theoretical model. After the analysis of the data, conclusions were drawn.Through theoretical and empirical research, this dissertation drew the followingconclusions:1. Enterprise social capital has a significant importance on firm growthfrom the enterprise social capital perspective to study firm growth issue.2. Variousdimensions of enterprise social capital affect firm growth in different ways, so thedifferences of utilizing social capital among enterprises determine whether structuraland relational dimension of social capital can help firms to grow.3. Through dynamiccapabilities, enterprise social capital have a positive impact on firm growth anddynamic capabilities have a significant positive impact on firm growth which are highlevel capabilities.4. The cognitive dimension of enterprise social capital has a directpositive impact on firm growth and enterprises should spend more effort oncultivating the shared cognitive paradigm to achieve growth.5. Based on socialcapital perspective，the theoretical framework of ‘enterprise social capital-dynamiccapabilities-firm growth’ has been established, which urge enterprises should jointlydevelop corporate social capital and dynamic capabilities in order to promote firmgrowth.This research carried on the discussion and research about the impact ofenterprise social capital on firm growth and the mediating function of dynamiccapabilities, and conducted a tentative theory innovation from the following threeaspects:1. Based on the perspective of social capital, this research took the variable ofdynamic capabilities as a mediator to analyze the impact of social capital on firmgrowth, which enriched the theory of social capital. Based on the perspective of socialcapital to study firm growth, this research regarded the enterprise social capital as astrategic resource. Starting from the relationship between enterprises and consideringinteraction between enterprises as nodes in the various networks, this study broke through the former researches which focused on enterprise internal resources. Itprovided a new research perspective for the firm growth studies and enriched thesocial capital theories.2. The theoretical model of ‘enterprise social capital-dynamic capabilities-firmgrowth’ was built and tested through systematically analyzed the theories of enterprisesocial capital, dynamic capabilities and firm growth. Taking the Chinese small andmiddle sized manufacturing enterprises as the research object, it illustrated themechanism of enterprise social capital and dynamic capacities’ impact on firm growth.It provided a new theoretical framework for the research of enterprise growth andmodels through the integrated study of three variables, social capital, dynamiccapabilities and firm growth, and using the structural equation model to investigateand verify the influence of each dimension of enterprise social capital and dynamiccapabilities on firm growth.3. This research introduced dynamic capabilities as a mediator variable to firmgrowth model, expanding the scope of application of dynamic capabilities. Previousresearches on dynamic capabilities focused on the industries with rapidly changingenvironment, e.g. the high-tech industry enterprises, and the literature on firm growthresearch which taking dynamic capabilities as mediator was less. The correspondingempirical analysis is scarce. Through SEM to verify the theoretical model, this studyenriched the empirical researches of firm growth to some extent.Through theoretical and empirical analysis, this research from enterprise socialcapital and dynamic capabilities perspective explored the issue of firm growth, whichprovided a reference for enterprises in order to effectively access to strategicresources and consider long-term business sustainable growth to better nurture andaccumulate corporate social capital and play an effective role of dynamic capabilities.更多还原