【作者】 过宏雷；

【导师】 过伟敏；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 产品系统设计及理论， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 建筑的认知模式和审美观念在当代已发生很大变化。建筑设计正从求得一个固定的功能空间和美的形式转向公共领域环境活力和体验多样性的开发。为此，建筑表皮借助理念、材料、技术的突破发展出许多新的体验价值与认知属性。它不但在应对气候、环境、能源问题方面发挥重要作用，而且还是当代社会最为活跃的景观元素之一。表皮已成为建筑学前沿探索的重要内容。“视觉文化”氛围、“景象社会”背景以及高度发达的建造技术使表皮成为当代设计师完善建筑功能和把握建筑形态的有力抓手，前提是正确把握其认知与设计的内在规律。本文运用演绎论证、实验分析和多学科交叉的方法，针对现代建筑表皮的认知途径和建构方法展开系统研究。借助于生物表皮特征的相关性分析，将现代建筑表皮的基本职能归纳为“相对独立的表层构造”、“综合性的功能界面”和“表现性的视觉界面”。利用认知心理学、设计符号学理论建立建筑表皮的符号系统，阐明符号系统的构成要素和传达机制。结合眼动实验，利用建筑现象学理论推导出“直观表象”、“建筑样式”、“场所文脉”、“社会景观”四条建筑表皮的认知途径，阐明各条途径的认知特点。结合认知途径分析，提出了“营造与技术”建构、“视觉与文化”建构两种表皮建构方法。将建筑类型学理论导入对表皮样式营造策略的思考。探明建筑表皮的原型和分类原则，建立其分类网架，提取“面罩”、“显露”、“复合”三种表皮类型。确定表皮类型的“转换”模式，提出基于“类型演化”、“类型并置”、“类型穿插”、“类型合成”四种转换模式的营造策略。阐明“表皮元素技术转型”对整体建构的影响，确立“墙的分解”、“柱的变形”、“立面开口的演化”、“顶面的重构”四种表皮构造的转型模式。归纳出“适宜技术”、“高技术”、“生态技术”的建构策略。在“视觉与文化”层面提出“构成文法”、“材料表现”、“图形演绎”三条建构策略。提出“点的变异、组合、聚散”、“线的张力、穿插、流动”、“面的转折、起伏、组合、叠加”和“摺叠”的构成手法。针对天然材料、烧土制品、近代材料、现代新型材料提出“返璞归真”、“形色变幻”、“自由塑形”、“诗意建构”四种材料建构方法。分析表皮界面的图形要素，确立“符号象征”、“表面装饰”、“肌理图案”、“动态图像”四种表现手法。本文通过认知途径和建构方法的研究深化了对现代建筑表皮设计理念和表现策略的系统思考。通过“营造与技术”层面和“视觉与文化”层面的建构，建筑表皮可及时转化与整合来自技术、艺术、文化、传播、社会服务等领域的创新成果，针对复杂、多元的认知诉求，积极改善单调、贫乏、混乱和缺乏归属感的建筑面貌，有效提升城市环境的品质和公共空间的活力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cognitive models and aesthetic ideas of contemporary architecture have changed greatly.Contemporary architecture design is now seeking a development which can be transformedfrom a form with fixed use value and beauty to an environmental vigor and diversifiedexperience of public sphere, and to this end, architectural skin need develop new functionsand properties with the help of new materials and technologies. It will not just play animportant role in solving problems of climate, environment, and energy, but also becomeactive elements for delivering visual information and building cognitive experience. The skinhas become the important content of architecture exploration. The premise is that visualizedand landscape-oriented city environment and highly developed building technology will makeskin become a powerful tong for the modern architects to improve the building function andseize the future architecture forms if correctly grasp the idiographic rules of cognition anddesign. This thesis studies cognitive approach and construction method of modernarchitectural skin by using methods of deductive argumentation, experimental analysis, andmultidisciplinary association.With the correlation analysis of biological skin features, this thesis sums up the basicfunctions of modern architectural skin in three points——“relatively independent surfacestructure”,“comprehensively functional surface”, and “expressively visual surface”. With thehelp of cognitive psychology and design semiotics theory, it builds a symbol system ofarchitectural skin and expounds the composing elements and conveying mechanism of thesymbol system. Combined with eye movement experiment, the paper deduces “visualrepresentation”,“architectural style”,“location context”, and “social landscape” these fourcognitive approaches of architectural skin and expounds cognitive characteristics of eachapproach. Combined with the cognitive characteristics, this thesis establishes “building andtechnology” and “vision and culture” these two levels of construction methods of architecturalskin.This thesis leads architectural typology theory into the thoughts of the building strategyof skin style, establishes basic structure of “skin typology”, ascertains prototypes andclassification principles of architectural skin, and extracts “mask”,“display”,“combination”these three skin types. This paper also sets the “conversion” mode of skin types, presents thebuilding strategy based on “type evolvement”,“type apposition”,“type alternation”, and“type synthesis” these four converting mode, expounds the impact of “technicaltransformation of skin elements” on whole construction, establishes “decomposition of walls”,“transformation of columns”,“evolvement of fa ade openings”,“reconstruction of topsurfaces” these four transformation modes of skin structure, and summarizes the constructionstrategies such as “appropriate technology”,“high technology”,“biological technology”.From the level of “vision and culture” this thesis puts forward “constituent grammar”,“material performance”, and “graphic evolvement” these three construction strategies andconstitution approaches such as “variation, combination, and accumulating and disseminatingof points”,“tension, alternation, and flow of lines”,“transition, fluctuation, combination, and superposition of planes” and “folding”. Aimed at natural materials, burnt-clay products,modern-times materials, and modern new-type materials, this paper respectivelypresents“returning to the original nature”,“changing the shape and colors irregularly”,“molding at liberty”, and “constructing with poetic flavor” these four construction methods ofmaterials. Through analyzing the graphic elements of skin surface, this paperestablishes“symbolism”,“surface decoration”,“texture design”,“dynamic image” these fourkinds of deductive methods.Through the study of cognitive approach and construction method, this thesis deepens thesystematic thinking of creative idea and performance strategy of modern architectural skin.Through the construction of “building and technology level” and “vision and culture level”,architectural skin transforms and integrates the innovation from fields of technology, art,culture, communication, and social service, improving the architectural appearance which isdreary, poor, chaotic and lacking in sense of belonging, and thus, enhancing the quality of cityenvironment and vitality of public space according to the cognitive demands with complexityand multiplicity.更多还原