【作者】 谢将剑；

【导师】 王毅；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 电气工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 摘要：随着列车运行速度的提高,铁路运行密度的逐步加大,对牵引供电系统安全可靠性的要求也越来越高。接触网是牵引供电系统的重要设备之一,因此提高接触网的可靠性对于电气化铁路运输的可靠运行具有重大意义。由于接触网是露天架设的,没有备用,一旦发生故障将中断行车,扰乱电气化铁路的运输秩序,带来经济损失。对接触网进行在线监测是提高接触网可靠性的重要方法之一,因此有必要对接触网的在线监测技术进行研究。基于棘轮补偿器参数检测的接触网在线监测系统检测的内容包括棘轮补偿器的相关参数(包括坠砣位移和摇杆倾角)以及环境参数(包括风速风向、温湿度和降雨量)。状态评估是在线监测的关键技术之一,实现接触网的在线监测的前提是对接触网状态的准确评估。根据棘轮补偿器坠砣的位移和摇杆的倾角的变化,可以推断出接触网的工作状态。在实际运行中,自然界一直存在的风荷载会导致棘轮补偿器的坠砣的位移的变化,为了准确地提取接触网的细微的故障状态以及预测故障趋势,必须对风荷载作用导致的坠砣位移分量进行去除。本文首先对棘轮补偿器的运动特性和接触网的风振响应进行了仿真分析,得到了风荷载作用导致的坠砣位移分量。然后提出了去除风荷载作用导致的坠砣位移分量的方法。最后研究了接触网覆冰的在线监测方法。本文主要的研究内容如下：1.对牵引供电系统进行了可靠性分析,结果表明牵引供电系统的可靠性很大程度上取决于接触网的可靠性。归纳了接触网的常见的故障类型,分析了各类接触网故障发生的原因。阐述了对接触网进行在线监测的必要性。2.为了得到影响棘轮补偿器的传动效率的因素,分别通过理论分析和仿真计算的方法对棘轮补偿器进行了分析。改变补偿绳和棘轮之间摩擦系数对棘轮补偿器进行静态仿真,得到了摩擦系数对补偿张力的影响,可以为棘轮的设计提供理论依据。仿真分析了动态荷载作用下棘轮补偿器的传动效率的变化规律,对比理论分析结果显示两者较为符合,同时得到了利用接触线或承力索下锚处的位移计算坠砣位移的方法。通过监测棘轮补偿器摇杆的倾角可以评估其运行状态,实现对棘轮补偿器性能的在线监测。3.为了减小模拟时间,引入基于按时间抽取快速傅立叶变换(DIT-FFT)优化的谐波合成法(WAWS)对接触网的风场进行模拟。考虑接触网结构的空间特性,建立了接触网的三维有限元模型,对比仿真计算和实际的吊弦的长度验证了有限元模型的有效性。在不同角度的风荷载作用下,对单跨接触网的动力学响应进行了仿真,得到了接触线和承力索下锚处的位移的变化规律。为了减小评估时间,推导了下锚处的位移的近似计算公式。对风荷载作用下多跨接触网相邻跨的作用进行分析,得到了多跨接触网的棘轮补偿器的坠砣位移的近似计算方法。4.为了验证风荷载作用下坠砣位移的近似计算方法的正确性,在天津-秦皇岛客运专线上进行了接触网风振响应的现场测试。引入基于虚拟观测的FastICA信号分离方法,提出SS-MDP法消除分离信号的不确定性。利用该方法实现了摇杆倾角信号的去噪,根据摇杆倾角信号计算得到补偿张力以及棘轮补偿器的传动效率,分析了棘轮补偿器的运行状态。利用提出的信号分离方法提取出了坠砣位移的风荷载作用的分量,和近似计算方法得到的风荷载作用的分量进行对比,验证了近似计算方法的可用性。在实际的在线监测中,以坠砣位移信号中温度变化导致的分量和风荷载作用的分量作为虚拟观测,利用提出的信号分离方法可以实现坠砣位移信号中这两个分量的去除。现场对异物倒入接触网进行了模拟,对采集数据进行分析验证了本文提出的在线监测方法的可行性。5.提出了接触网覆冰的在线监测方法。为了实现覆冰接触网的状态评估,对不同覆冰厚度时的接触网的静态响应进行仿真分析,得到了接触线和承力索下锚处的位移的变化规律。根据相似理论设计了6跨接触网的1/50的小比例模型,对小比例模型进行仿真分析,验证了小比例模型的可用性。利用小比例模型进行了接触网覆冰的模型试验,通过对比试验结果和仿真结果验证了小比例模型的正确性。为了减小估算的时间,考虑多跨接触网的相互作用,推导了覆冰接触网的棘轮补偿器的坠砣的位移的近似计算方法。对小比例模型进行近似计算,将得到的结果和模型试验的结果进行对比,验证了近似计算方法的可用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 ABSTRACT:With the speeding up of train and the increasing operation density of railway, the requirement for the safety and reliability of traction power supply system is continuously rising. The catenary is one of the key infrastructures in traction power system, so the improvement of the reliability of catenary is of extremely significance for reliable operation of electrified railway transport. Because the catenary is constructed in open air without standby, once the failure occurred will cause interruption of the train operation, disorder the railway transport schedule, and bring in financial loss. Online monitoring of the catenary is an important approach to enhance the reliability of the catenary, so it’s necessary to study on online monitoring of the catenary.The detection items of online monitoring for the catenary which based on the detection of the parameters of the tension wheel equipment contain related parameters of the tension wheel equipment (including balance weight displacement and swing lever inclination) and environmental parameters (including wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity and rainfall). Condition evaluation is one of the key technologies for online monitoring, accurate evaluation of catenary condition is the premise of online monitoring. Operation condition of the catenary can be evaluated based on the variation of balance weight displacement and swing lever inclination. In practice, windload always exists in nature, which will cause the change of balance weight displacement of tension wheel equipment, so the component of balance weight displacement affected by windload should be removed to extract the failure state and predict the failure trend of the catenary accurately.In this dissertation, first the simulations are conducted to analyze the motion characteristics of tension wheel equipment and the response of the catenary under the excitation of wind, the component of balance weight displacement affected by windload is derived. Then the remove method is proposed. Finally the research on online monitoring method of catenary icing is carried out. The main work of this dissertation is summarized as follows:1. Reliability analysis of traction power supply system is achieved, and the results show that the reliability of traction power supply system largely depends on the reliability of the catenary. Types of common failure of catenary are concluded, and the reasons for every type of failure are analyzed. The necessity of online monitoring of the catenary is elaborated, a novel online monitoring method which based on the monitor of related parameters of tension wheel equipment is proposed.2. In order to achieve the effects on transmission efficiency of tension wheel equipment, theoretical analysis and simulation calculation are used to analyze the tension wheel equipment respectively. Static simulation of tension wheel equipment with variable friction coefficient between compensator rope and wheel is completed, effect of friction coefficient on compensation tension is derived, which can provide theoretical basis for the design of tension wheel equipment. Variation of transmission efficiency of tension wheel equipment under dynamic load is analyzed by simulation, comparison with the theoretical analysis result reflects that both fairly conform to each other, also calculation method of balance weight displacement through contact wire or messenger wire anchorage displacement is deduced. Operation condition of tension wheel equipment can be evaluated by monitoring the swing lever inclination, and then online monitoring of tension wheel equipment performance can be realized.3. In order to reduce the simulation time, wind field of the catenary is simulated by DIT-FFT optimized WAWS method. Considering the spatial characteristic of the catenary, three dimensional finite element model of the catenary is built, dropper length of simulation and real are compared with each other, which validates the availability of the finite element model. The dynamic responses of single span catenary which excited by windload with different angles are simulated, the variations of anchorage displacement of contact wire and messenger wire are analyzed. The approximate calculation formulas of anchorage displacement are deduced to reduce the evaluation time. The interaction of adjacent spans in multi-span catenary is analyzed, and approximate calculation formulas of balance weight displacement of tension wheel equipment in multi-span catenary are derived.4. In order to validate the accuracy of approximate calculation formulas of balance weight displacement, field test on wind-induced vibration response of the catenary is performed on Tianjin-Qinhuangdao passenger dedicated line. FastICA signal separation method based on virtual observation is introduced, and SS-MDP method is proposed to eliminate the uncertainty of separated signal. Denoise of Swing lever inclination signal is realized by this method, compensation tension and transmission efficiency of tension wheel equipment can be calculated by the swing lever inclination signal, and the operation state of tension wheel equipment is analyzed. The component of windload effect of balance weight displacement is extracted by the proposed signal separation method, and compared with approximate calculation, which verify the availability of approximate calculation. In real online monitoring, using the component of temperature variation and windload effect as virtual observations, the removes of both components from balance weight displacement can be achieved by proposed signal separation method. Foreign matter invasion to the catenary was simulated in field test, the test data was analyzed, which validated the feasibility of the online monitoring method proposed in this dissertation.5. Online monitoring method of catenary icing is proposed. In order to realize the condition evaluation of icing catenary, static response of the catenary under different ice thicknesses are simulated, variations of contact wire and messenger wire anchorage displacement are deduced. The1/50scale-model of six-span catenary is designed based on the similarity theory, simulated analysis of small-scale model is carried out to verify the availability of the small-scale model. Model tests of catenary under different ice thicknesses are performed on the small-scale model, the comparison between model test results and finite element simulation results verifies the validity of the small scaled model. Considering the interaction of adjacent spans in multi-span catenary, approximate method of balance weight displacement calculation of tension wheel equipment of icing catenary are derived. Approximate calculation of small scale-model is finished, and the result is compared with model test result, which validates the availability of approximate calculation method.更多还原