信息技术提升义务教育均衡发展问题研究

【作者】 张国林；

【导师】 周浩波；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 义务教育作为政府提供的一种基本公共服务,具有公益性、普惠性、公平性的特征。义务教育均衡发展是一项关系到和谐社会建设,涉及人民群众直接和现实的利益的系统工程。目前,信息技术在教育领域中发挥着越来越重要的作用。随着信息技术在教育教学中的普遍应用,越来越多的人开始注意到信息技术对教育的重大价值。例如,美国国家教育技术计划提出,“要想显著提高教育的生产力,需要对教育系统实施由技术支持的重大结构性变革”。与信息技术在教育实践中的广泛应用相比,我国目前关于信息技术与教育系统的深层理论研究一直较为落后。例如,对如何利用信息技术促进义务教育均衡发展问题的探讨,就一直处于学术研究的盲点。基于此,本研究以信息技术提升义务教育均衡发展问题为研究焦点。本研究主要关注以下内容：构建信息技术提升义务教育均衡发展水平的基本理论依据、洞悉信息技术提升义务教育均衡发展的动力机制、明确信息技术提升义务教育均衡发展的策略设计。本研究期待通过对上述问题的探讨,以初步明确信息技术支持义务教育均衡发展的基本轨迹。首先,本研究回顾了义务教育均衡发展的基本脉络及相关的研究结果。通过分析,本研究掌握了义务教育均衡发展的状态及其表现,并在此基础上分析了义务教育均衡发展的社会根源,回顾了促进义务教育均衡发展的一般策略与方法,对义务教育均衡发展评估策略与方法进行了审视。其次,本研究深入分析了信息技术对教育的影响。在本部分中研究者揭示了信息技术作为生产力的重要内容对教育产生革命性影响的根源。通过对信息技术特征和义务教育非均衡发展的深入分析,本研究探讨了信息技术提升义务教育均衡发展水平的核心机制。研究发现,流动的信息化教育资源可以实现校际间资源的低成本共享,促进校际间资源的平衡；延伸的时间——空间关系,可以将虚拟的信息化教育资源快速、优质共享；创新的教学工具可以实现课堂教学的跨越式发展。总之,信息技术具有从形式到质量提升义务教育均衡发展的潜力。在上述理论探讨的基础上,本研究对已经发生的信息技术提升义务教育均衡发展的案例进行了分析。研究发现,信息技术可以通过实现区域间、校际间的资源流动来促进义务教育均衡发展。而且,在某些情况下,信息技术还可以在某区域内推动义务教育实现“跨越式”的高质量发展。基于案例分析,本研究提出了信息技术提升义务教育均衡发展的核心策略与方法。例如,信息技术支持的学校联盟建设。再次,应该承认的是,信息技术对义务教育均衡发展的推动作用有其合理边界。突破边界,不恰当地夸大信息技术的作用,反而可能阻滞义务教育的均衡发展。要正确地认识信息技术的作用边界,首先应对信息技术提升义务教育均衡发展的制约因素形成清晰的认识。通过对信息技术的本质分析,结合义务教育均衡发展的内在精髓,本研究认为,信息技术提升义务教育均衡发展的制约因素主要包括显性制约因素和隐性制约因素两大类。其中显性制约因素主要包括社会经济发展水平,信息化领导力,信息化教育装备,信息化教育、教学能力,信息化教育资源和技术支持体系等方面的内容；隐性制约因素主要包括教育思维、教育文化、教育改革的路径依赖等方面的内容。最后,为了进一步发挥信息技术在义务教育均衡发展中的作用,本研究提出了信息技术提升义务教育均衡发展的政策改进意见,以期为义务教育均衡发展提供可借鉴的政策思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Compulsory education is a basic public service provided by the government, with the characteristics of public benefit, common good and fairness. Its balanced development is a systematic project that relates to the building of harmonious society as well as the direct and practical interests of people.Nowadays, information technology plays a more and more important role in the field of education. Along with the widespread application of information technology in education, more and more people begin to notice its great valve. The U.S. National Education Technology Plan proposed that "we need to make the fundamental structural changes that technology enables if we are to see dramatic improvements in productivity". Compared to its extensive use, in-depth theoretical researches into information technology and educational system are rare. For example, research on how to use information technology to promote the balanced development of compulsory education is an academic blind spot. As a result, this thesis focuses on the promotion of balanced development of compulsory education by information technology.The main concerns of this thesis are as follow:researches into the promotion of balanced development of compulsory education by information technology from three aspects, including basic theory, dynamic mechanism and strategy design. This thesis aims to get the basic path of the balanced development of compulsory education supported by IT through the discussions about above-mentioned issues.Firstly, this thesis reviews the basic issues and research findings concerning balanced development of compulsory education, grasps its state and performance and analyzes its social roots. It also reviews the general strategies and methods of promoting the balanced development of compulsory education and thus examines its assessment strategies and methods.Secondly, this thesis analyzes the impact of information technology on education thoroughly. In this part, the researcher explains the reason why information technology, as an important part of productivity, has a revolutionary impact on education. Through an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of IT and the imbalanced development of compulsory education, this thesis discusses the core mechanism that information technology promotes the level of balanced development of compulsory education. The study finds that the flow of information education resources can achieve low-cost resource sharing and promote the balance of resources among schools; A rapid and high-quality sharing of virtual education resources can be accomplished without the limits of time and space; Innovative teaching tool can realize leapfrog development of classroom teaching. To sum up, information technology has the potential to promote the balanced development of compulsory education from form to quality.On the basis of the above-mentioned theoretical discussions, this thesis analyzes the existent cases that concern the promotion of balanced development of compulsory education by information technology. It is found that information technology can promote its balanced development through the flow of resources among regions and schools. Moreover, under some circumstances, information technology can promote compulsory education to realize leapfrog development in a certain region. Based on the case analysis, the thesis proposes core strategies and methods concerning the promotion of balanced development, such as an IT supported establishment of interscholastic union.Thirdly, it should be recognized that information technology’s role in promoting the balanced development of compulsory education has a rational boundaries. Improperly exaggerating the role of information technology beyond the boundaries may hinder its balanced development. In order to learn the boundaries of information technology correctly, having a clear understanding of the constraints is the first step to be taken. By analyzing the nature of information technology, combined with the balanced development of compulsory education in inner essence, this thesis suggests that there are two main kinds of constraints, the explicit ones and invisible ones. The explicit constraints include:socio-economic development level, information leadership, information education equipment, information education and teaching ability, information education resources, technical support system, etc. The invisible constraints include educational thinking, educational culture, path dependence of education reform, etc.Last but not least, in order to fully realize IT’s potential in the balanced development of compulsory education, this thesis puts forward some suggestions about how to make good use of IT to promote the balanced development of compulsory education, and thus provides reference for its balanced development.更多还原