【作者】 彭双五；

【导师】 聂建强；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 国际法学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 网络环境下的著作权法与数字图书馆是近年来法学界所关注的热点问题。计算机技术和互联网的迅猛发展,导致了相应社会关系的改变,而调整传统读者与作者之间的著作权法,在新的社会环境下,显然已经力不从心。传统著作权法在网络环境下面临着各种各样的挑战,而数字图书馆这一传统图书馆在网络环境下的衍生物,更是面临着重重困境。法律规定的空白、行业惯例的缺失,使目前社会上,数字图书馆的建立和管理面临着各种各样的困难,这使数字图书馆的建设者与管理者面临许多必须回答和解决的问题。事实上,数字图书馆著作权保护问题的实质,在于数字技术全面地改变了作品创作、传播和利用的传统方式,这样的改变影响到了作为著作权制度基石的利益平衡机制。从微观上来看,作为智力成果的创作者,作者无法保证其应得利益不受到不法侵害,而作为智力成果的使用者,读者无法自由、便捷的获取其想要获得的信息；从宏观上来看,作者在无法保证其利益的情况下,进行智力创作的积极性明显会受到影响,进而会影响到整个人类社会科技、文化的进步与发展,而精神文明的匮乏,将会导致整个人类文明的进步,由利益上的失衡,最终导致整个人类社会减缓发展的恶性循环。数字图书馆作为网络环境下传统图书馆发展的必然趋势和方向,继承了传统图书馆作为知识传播者的身份,更肩负着为读者们提供信息、教育的重任,因此如何规制和保护数字图书馆,成为了当前理论界和实务界的当务之急,本文从理论和实践两个方面对网络环境下的数字图书馆与著作权法问题进行了系统性的研究。首先,本文研究的主要内容是数字图书馆在网络环境下的著作权法律问题,因此,对于数字图书馆的性质的研究,也就成为了重中之重,第一章从数字图书馆的概念、性质、特征、法律地位入手,通过对数字图书馆的相关理论进行介绍,为后文进行论述做出理论上的铺垫。因为数字图书馆的法律主体地位,决定了其在著作权法律体系当中应当享有什么样的权利。因为按照传统的著作权法理论,图书馆是作为作品的最终使用者而享有权利的,但实际上,由于数字图书馆的性质发生了一定的变化,数字图书馆具有了一定的营利性,因此,其更多的成为了一种作品的传播者而不是使用者。这种身份上的改变,也使得数字图书馆在著作权法体系当中的地位发生了根本的变化。第二,由于数字图书馆不能再基于著作权的限制,对作品进行使用,在这样的情况下,数字图书馆的获权问题就十分值得研究。从目前的实践来看,数字图书馆主要有授权要约模式、集体管理模式、法定许可模式、创作共同模式、著作权代理模式、开放获取模式、补偿金支付模式以及数字版权模式。本章对这些模式的特点和优劣进行了评述,并且对近年来比较成功的Google图书馆模式进行了介绍。Google图书馆推行的opt-out模式,可以说是比较成功也比较适合数字图书馆发展的一种模式,但是其仍欠缺一定法律上的依据。第三章则是从数字图书馆的具体运营层面进行了介绍,在当前的社会中,网络技术和计算机技术对图书馆以及著作权法都产生了一定的影响,而在这样的环境下,传统著作权以及信息网络传播权的出现,使得数字图书馆的复制行为和网络传播行为面临着极大的困境。对作品的数字化及临时复制行为,到底属于什么性质的行为,供用户使用和馆际互借行为,其性质又应当如何认定。合理使用制度是一项历史悠久的制度,其是最能体现著作权法立法精神的一项制度。面对着网络环境下新权利的挑战,合理使用制度逐渐失去了其平衡各方利益的作用,随着合理使用制度空间的逐渐萎缩,甚至有学者提出要取消合理使用制度。本章结合技术保护措施,探讨了合理使用制度的理论基础,并对在网络环境下合理使用制度的设计提出了自己的看法。最后,本文立足于我国,从我国数字图书馆建设的实际建设情况出发,通过介绍当前我国数字图书馆的各种模式,提出了依靠单一的模式,已经无法适应当前网络环境的实际情况,只有进行模式整合,结合各种模式的优点,才能完善我国数字图书馆的法律保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 Copyright law and digital library in a internet age have drawn much attention of researchers in law all over the world in recent years. The formation of the internet environment has led to the change of the copyright law. Thus we are confronted with many questions and problems that have to be answered and solved in the development and management of the digital libraries. The substance of copyright issues of digital library is about digital technology, because it has changed the original situation of creation, communication and use of works, and then changed the balance of interests. So this article study the problems related to copyright and digital library in the internet environment from theory and practice.Because of the lack of the law, the founder of the digital library facing various difficulties, and they must solve many problems. In fact, the core issues of digital library copyright protection is that digital technology has changed the way of creation, dissemination and use of the work. Such changes affect the interests balancing mechanism which is the cornerstone of the copyright law. From the microscopic point of view, the creators of intellectual, author does not guarantee its share of interests are not subject to criminal violations. And the user cannot get the information they want free and convenient. From a macro point of view, if their interest cannot be guarantee, the enthusiasm of the author will be affected significantly. Finally, it will affect the progress of the whole human civilization.First, the main content of this paper is the issues of copyright protection of digital library, so we must pay more attention to the nature and character of the digital library. The first chapter is mainly about the conception, nature, characteristics, legal status of the digital library, as the theoretical background for the further research. In the traditional copyright law system, the libraries is consider as the final users of the works. But with the changes of characteristics, the digital libraries cannot have the same rights as the traditional library. And digital library is more likely as a communicators but a users, so the legal status have been changed a lot. Second, because the digital library cannot use the works under the restrictions of the copyright law, so the authorization mode of the digital library is worth to research. From the current practice, the major authorization mode is open access model, creation of common mode etc, This chapter mainly reviewed these mode and introduce the Google mode. The Google library mode implemented opt-out mode, which can be said as the most successful and suitable mode. But it still lacks of legal basis.The third chapter introduce the digital library from the specific operating level. In the current society, network and computer technology have changed copyright law a lot. In such an environment, the copy and network communication behavior of the digital library facing great difficulties. What is the nature of the digitization of the works and temporary copy? How to define the ILL behavior and users behavior.Fair use is a historic institution, which is the best embodies the spirit of a copyright law legislation system. Because the challenges of the new rights under the network environment, the fair use system gradually lost its role in balancing the interests of all parties. With the shrinking of fair use space, some scholars proposed to abolish fair use system. This chapter combine technological protection measures discusses the theoretical basis of the fair use, and try to suggest some idea of rebuild the system of the fair use.Finally, the article introduces the situation of the construction of the digital libraries under China’s environment. It have been unable to adapt the actual situation of network society to use the single mode, we must combined with the advantages of each mode, to improve the legal protection of digital libraries.更多还原