【作者】 陈川；

【导师】 李琪；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 水声工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 水下小型武器平台具有无人控制自主工作的特点，具有对水面舰船和水下目标两种目标自主探测、定位的能力，战场无人化的发展趋势要求水下作战平台进一步提高对目标的定位距离、定位精度和打击效能。论文针对水下小型武器平台对目标探测定位这一需求进行了理论和试验研究。论文首先阐述了研究背景，分析了小型武器平台的发展需求，对水下目标定位跟踪方法做了回顾和比较，对水下小型武器平台的工作环境和工作特点进行了分析。由于探测系统工作在水下小型平台上，平台的结构和尺度限制了声学基阵的阵形和孔径，进而限制了声学探测系统的工作方式和性能。本论文在对现有的小平台声学探测基阵进行分析的基础上提出了适用于小平台的平面三元等边阵、平面三元直角阵和立体正三棱锥阵三种阵形，推导了定位解算公式，分析了影响解算精度的因素，仿真研究了对水面目标的定位精度，给出了三种阵形能达到的定位精度和最佳定位区域，在水下平台实际应用条件下分析了探测系统达到的定位精度，为水下小平台探测系统的声学基阵设计拓宽了思路并提供了理论参考。水下小平台探测包括对水下目标的方位、距离和深度的测量。为了解决静止不动、单点独立的水下小平台对水下目标的定位问题，本论文充分利用了水下目标声信号在水声信道传播中的多途信息，利用倒谱技术实现了多途时延的提取，提出了一种利用超短基阵定向与多途时延估计相结合的水下目标定位方法，湖上试验数据证明了方法的有效性和可行性。本论文将矢量水听器技术应用于水下小平台探测，提出了基于矢量水听器极性信号处理的目标检测方法，推导了解算公式，分析了处理增益，并进行了仿真验证；结合移相网络实现了超低功耗的目标检测系统设计，突破了水下小平台对低功耗和小尺度要求的瓶颈。湖上试验证明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。论文结合水下小型武器平台的发展需求，通过系统研究，完成了探测系统布阵形式、信号处理方法的理论分析和技术实现，形成了完整的小型水下主动攻击武器平台目标探测的方案体系，提出的定位方法解决了水下小型平台对水面和水下目标探测、定位的难题，对研制新型水下武器的探测系统具有很大的研究意义和应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The underwater operation platform has the characteristics of unmanned control andautonomous working, and also has the capabilities of autonomous detection and localizationfor surface ship and underwater target. The trend of unmanned battlefield requires longerrange, higher positioning accuracy and better hit efficiency of the underwater operationplatform.The theory and test research of the target detection and localization by underwater smallweapon platform were performed in this paper. The research background was described firstly.Then the development needs of the small weapon platform were analyzed. The localizationand tracking methods for underwater targets were reviewed and compared. The workingenvironment and the characteristics of the underwater platform were also analyzed.Detection systems working on the small underwater platform, thereby the formation andaperture of acoustic arrays are limited by the structure and size. So the working pattern andperformance of the acoustic detection system are limited too. Based on the analysis of theexisting small platform acoustic detection array, three kind of arrays were proposed whichwere suitable for the small platform. They were the plane three-sensor equilateral array, theplane three-sensor right angle array, and the cubic triangular pyramid array. The theoreticalpositioning formula was deduced. The impact factors of calculating accuracy were analyzed.The localization accuracy of surface target was studied by simulation. The positioningaccuracy and optimal positioning area of the three arrays were provided, which broads thedesign idea and provides a theoretical reference for underwater acoustic detection system onsmall platform.Small underwater platform detection includes the measurement of the position, range anddepth of underwater target. In order to solve the problem of underwater target positioning onthe stationary, single-point independent small underwater platform, the information ofmultipath propagation was fully utilized. The extraction of multipath delay was realized bythe cepstrum analysis. A novel underwater target positioning method was proposed whichcombined ultra short base-line direction finding and multipath delay estimation. Theeffectiveness and feasibility of the new method were verified by lake test data.The vector hydrophone technology was applied to underwater small platform detectionin this paper. A novel target detection method was proposed based on vector hydrophonepolarity signal processing. The calculating formula was deduced, the processing gain was analyzed, and it was validated by simulations. The design of ultra-low power consumptiontarget detection system was achieved by combining with the phase shift network. Thebottleneck of low power consumption and small-size of small underwater platform wasbroken. The validity and reliability were proved by lake test.Combining with the development requirement of underwater small weapon platform,three contributions were achieved with the system analysis. They were the arrangement ofdetection system, the theory analysis of signal processing method and technologyimplementation. A complete target detection scheme system was formed on the smallunderwater active attack weapon platform. The problem of the surface or underwater targetdetection and positioning on the small platform was resolved by the proposed positioningmethod. Simulations were performed to review the influence of the factors such as positioningaccuracy on the attack efficiency of the new active attack weapon platform. All the aboveworks are of great research significance and application value on developing the detectionsystem for new type mine weapons.更多还原