【作者】 吴俊；

【导师】 史丽萍；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 随着新科技的不断引进，生产方式也在动态调整，与之相适应的安全生产应急能力也应当随之适应性地跃迁。本文基于免疫、遗传和进化理论类比研究安全生产应急能力跃迁机理。应急能力的跃迁过程划分为基态、激发态和定态。基于免疫理论研究应急能力跃迁前的基态机理，基于遗传理论研究跃迁中的激发态机理，基于生物进化的相容性理论研究跃迁后的定态机理。同时在整个应急能力跃迁的过程中关注人的因素的核心作用，通过认知神经实验研究应急人员的应急反应机理。主体研究内容包括以下六个部分：第一部分，以安全生产应急能力跃迁的内涵界定和状态划分为出发点，基于相似理论论证了运用生物学中免疫、遗传和进化理论来类比研究应急能力跃迁机理的前提条件。在此前提条件下，建立了生物学理论与应急能力理论之间具有同态对应关系的相似性模型，论证了两者之间进行类比研究的科学性和合理性。在类比研究前提论证的基础上，确立了应急能力跃迁机理的研究层次。应急能力跃迁机理的研究在跃迁过程的每个状态下按照原则性机理、原理性机理和操作性机理展开。第二部分，在应急能力跃迁前的基态，在原则性机理中，通过免疫理论到应急能力的隐喻化，建立了应急能力的免疫调控模型。在原理性机理中，进行了应急能力的免疫功能、免疫过程、免疫结构和免疫属性的分析。在操作性机理中，通过故障模式及影响分析，监控应急能力的免疫工作状态，以综合风险指数衡量应急免疫应对事故灾难的能力，以此作为应急能力跃迁的依据。第三部分，在应急能力跃迁中的激发态，在原则性机理中，通过遗传理论到应急能力的隐喻化，建立了应急能力的突变调控模型。在原理性机理中，分析了催生应急能力跃迁的各项动力因素，建立了应急能力跃迁的三闸门动力模型。在应急能力跃迁的过程分析中，首先进行了应急能力对安全环境的态势感知分析，然后基于生物学中的遗传理论研究了应急能力跃迁中的遗传突变过程。在操作性机理中，在企业种群进化环境下，运用突变理论的势函数分析法对本企业的应急能力水平进行定位，然后通过对标分析确定应急能力跃迁的路径。第四部分，在应急能力跃迁后的定态，在原则性机理中，首先运用突变理论的流形分析法论证相容性在定态中的重要性，然后通过生物进化的相容性理论到应急能力的隐喻化，建立了应急能力的相容调控模型。在应急能力的原理性机理中，分析了应急能力相容的过程，提出了应急能力相容的五种基本模式。在操作性机理中，基于过程改进理论建立了应急能力相容工作的运行逻辑，给出了完成应急能力相容工作的9个步骤。第五部分，在应急能力跃迁中人的因素方面，首先论证了人的因素在应急能力中的重要性。通过事故灾难的案例，分析了应急反应能力在人的因素中的重要性。分析了经典的研究人的反应能力的理论和不足之处，引入现代认知神经科学的理论分析了克服经典理论研究局限的方法。根据认知神经科学的方法进行了应急人员对于自动化控制界面中安全信号的反应实验。通过测试被试人员的视觉失匹配指标，揭示了应急人员对于不同类型安全信号的反应机理。最后，针对应急能力跃迁过程中的三种状态和跃迁中人的因素特点提出提升应急能力跃迁质量的对策建议。在应急能力跃迁前的基态，建议通过应急能力运行状态的风险分析来判断应急能力跃迁的时机。在应急能力跃迁中的激发态，建议通过利用应急能力跃迁的动力，并有效寻找应急能力跃迁的应急能力要素，从两个方面提升应急能力跃迁的效率。在应急能力跃迁后的定态，建议通过应急能力的相容性操作，使应急能力尽快达到跃迁后的稳定状态。同时，根据应急能力反应机理，针对应急人员的能力选择、能力调配和能力改善提出相应的对策建议，从人的因素方面促进应急能力的跃迁。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous introduction of new technologies, mode of production is also in adynamic adjustment, and the workplace emergency capability should also be adaptive totransition. The dissertation researched transition mechanism of workplace emergencycapability based on immunity heredity evolution theories. The transition process ofemergency capability was divided into the ground state, the excited state and the steady state.The ground state mechanism of emergency capability transition was researched based onimmunity theory, the excited state mechanism of emergency capability transition wasresearched based on heredity and evolution theory, the steady state mechanism of emergencycapability transition was researched based on biocompatibility of evolution theory. At thesame time, the central role of human factors was concerned about in the entire transitionprocess of emergency capability. The reaction mechanism of emergency personnel wasresearched through cognitive neuroscience experiment. Main research contents include sixparts:The first part, taking connotation definition and state division of workplace emergencycapability transition as a starting point, precondition that using immunity heredity evolutiontheories in biology can research emergency capability transition mechanism gotdemonstration based on the similarity theory. Under this precondition, the similarity modelwas established with homomorphic corresponding relationship between biological theory andemergency capability theory, and science and rationality were demonstrated as analogyresearch. On the premise demonstration basis of analogy research, the research levels ofemergency capability transition mechanism were analyzed. Research of emergency capabilitytransition mechanism commenced according to principle mechanism, rationale mechanismand operation mechanism in three states of transition process.The second part, in the ground state of emergency capability transition, in the principlemechanism, immune regulation model of emergency capability was established through themetaphor of immune theory to the emergency capability. In the rationale mechanism, immunefunction, immune process, immune structure and immune properties of emergency capabilitywere analyzed. In the operation mechanism, immune work status was monitored through thefailure mode and effects analysis. The risk priority number measured the capability of emergency immune response to accidents, which was the basis of emergency capabilitytransition.The third part, in the excited state of emergency capability transition, in the principlemechanism, catastrophe regulation model of emergency capability was established throughthe metaphor of heredity and evolution theory to the emergency capability. In the rationalemechanism, the driving force factors that gave rise to emergency capability transition wereanalyzed, and the three-gateway driving force model of emergency capability transition wasestablished. In the process analysis of emergency capability transition, situation awareness ofemergency capability response to safety environment was analyzed and hereditary variationprocess in emergency capability transition was researched based on heredity theory of biology.In the operation mechanism, emergency capability was located through potential functionanalysis of catastrophe theory in enterprise species evolution environment, and path ofemergency capability transition was determined through benchmarking.The fourth part, in the steady state of emergency capability transition, in the principlemechanism, the importance of emergency capability compatibility was demonstrated throughthe manifold analysis of catastrophe theory. Compatibility regulation model of emergencycapability was established through the metaphor of biocompatibility theory to the emergencycapability. In the rationale mechanism, the compatible process was analyzed. The five majorcompatible patterns were given. In the operation mechanism, the operation logic ofemergency capability compatibility was established, and the9steps of completing emergencycapability compatible work were put forward.The fifth part, for the human factors of emergency capability transition, first of all, theimportance of human factors in emergency capability was demonstrated. The importance ofemergency response capability in human factors was analyzed through accidents case study.The classical theory of human response capability and deficiency were analyzed, and themethods of overcoming classical theory limitation were introduced by modern cognitiveneuroscience theory. According to cognitive neuroscience method, the experiment which teststhe reaction capability of emergency personnel response to alarm signals in automatic controlinterface was completed. Through the test of visual MMN of the participants, the emergencyreaction mechanism of emergency personnel response to different types of alarm signals wasrevealed. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions were proposed for the parts of emergencycapability transition. In the ground state, the transition timing of emergency capability can bedetermined through risk analysis of running status of emergency capability. In the excitedstate, the driving forces of emergency capability transition must be used, and the elements ofemergency capability transition must be found effectively to improve the transition efficiencyof emergency capability. In the steady state, the compatibility operation of emergencycapability can improve the capability to reach the steady state after the transition as soon aspossible. According to the reaction mechanism of emergency capability, the countermeasuresand suggestions were proposed about capability selection, capability allocation and capabilityimprovement of emergency personnel, which can promote the transition of emergencycapability from the aspects of human factors.更多还原