【作者】 杨玥；

【导师】 刘德斌；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界史， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 本文梳理了1985到1991年戈尔巴乔夫与叶利钦从合作到冲突的关系演进，在分析两人关系发展变化的基础上，探析了戈尔巴乔夫执政时期苏联进行的民主化改革以及苏联最终解体的历史。论文指出戈尔巴乔夫与叶利钦虽然充当了苏联解体的掘墓人，但从两人关系的演进中可以看出，苏联领导人的个人性格、苏联内部的党派斗争、苏联自身发展的历史惯性、外部因素等多层次因素都深刻影响到了戈尔巴乔夫与叶利钦之间关系的发展变化，并进而影响到了苏联的改革进程，最终导致了苏联的解体。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a super power with seventy years history, the former Soviet Union collapsedin six year during Gorbachev’s ruling period. This phenomenon has caused the deepreflection of people around the world. This paper discusses the Gorbachev’s economicand political reforms and analyzes the evolution of the relationship betweenGorbachev and Yeltsin and its reasons and effect on the disintegration of the SovietUnion.The first part is the introduction, including the significance of the topic, currentresearch, research methods and innovations.The second part is the main body. It includes six chapters:In the first chapter, I introduce the concept of leadership and leadership typeclassification based on the Soviet leaders replacement mechanism to analyze that thelack of normal leadership transition mechanism has brought many problems. Iintroduce five leaders of the Soviet and analyze specific historical background ofGorbachev’s reform.In the second chapter, In1985--1986, Gorbachev mainly completed two chieftasks. The first was to establish the new leader group and backbone team of newruling reform ideology dominated by himself. The second was to form the strategy ofnational social economic development acceleration and the policy of socialism reform.During the early stage of reform, Yeltsin just joint the political stage. As a keymember of Gorbachev’s strategic arrangement, Yeltsin firmly supported Gorbachev’sreform. During the period of relax reform between1985---1986, the relationshipbetween them was the close cooperation in which Gorbachev was a leader and Yeltsinworked as an assistant.In the third chapter, the main content is that the economic reform by Gorbachevhad been transformed into the initiative political reform between1987--1988. In theJune of1987, Gorbachev was willing to push forward the economic reform with theaim to expand the autonomy of enterprise, realize the self--financing of enterprise andmake regulation by enterprise itself. However, these measures of Gorbachev led theformer Soviet Union’s economy into a dead--end, due to his illusion reform ideologyand the law draft of inconsistency with the economic situation of the former SovietUnion called National Enterprise Law. Meanwhile, his reform suffered from the fierceopposition from conservative side of the party and dignitaries of the former SovietUnion. Yeltsin was also a target to oppose. During the second stage of reform, thecooperation relationship between Yeltsin and Gorbachev altered greatly. The rising of Yeltsin in national congress in October pulled the prelude of competition betweenthese two leaders.In the fourth chapter, it is described that the reform of Gorbachev was out ofcontrol between1989--1990, which is displayed in these aspects: the continuingdeterioration of the former Soviet Union’s economy; the deep national crisis; thesocial turmoil of Soviet Union. The establishment of members of Parliament crossingthe district formed the national organized opposition party. Gorbachev retracted thesixth article of Constitution of Soviet Union and advocated the multi-party system andpresident system, which actually abandoned voluntarily his ruling position incommunist party of Soviet Union. Yeltsin won the president in the Russian FederalElection, which made him an equal to Gorbachev in politics. Yeltsin proclaimed thewithdrawal from the communist party in the28th Soviet Union Communist PartyConference. His action caused the wave of withdrawing the party in the Soviet Union,which means the disintegration of the former Soviet Union. During the third stage ofreform, the relationship between these two rivals had changed with essentiality.Yeltsin had obtained the power to fight against Gorbachev face to face so that thesetwo big figures entered the stage of total confrontation.In the fifth chapter, it is described that Gorbachev applied more initiative steps inthe last year of his reform. However, with the breakdown of economy plan, the SovietUnion’s economy was about to crash. The national contradiction had been aggravatedand all the publics declaimed the independence. The democratic party led by Yeltsinby means of Russian Federation of the former Soviet Union power and the joint forcesfrom other publics continued to fight against with central government. In the last yearof Soviet Union’s reform, the confrontation between Gorbachev and Yeltsin hadevolved into a matched fight between two groups. At that time, Yeltsin gradually tookcharge of initiative and pushed his counterpart---Gorbachev out of the political stagestep by step.In the sixth chapter，rethink the cause of the relations between Gorbachev andYeltsin, from the perspective of individual level, the party struggle, Khrushchev’seffect, and the external factor.The third part is the conclusion. The cause of the disintegration of the SovietUnion is not only Gorbachev and Yeltsin but also many factors. ComprehensiveFactors lead to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.更多还原