【作者】 罗洪浩；

【导师】 单玄龙；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 油砂是重要的非常规能源，近年来，随着非常规油气资源的研究日益加强，国内发现了多个具有潜力油砂矿点的地区，松辽盆地西部斜坡就是其中之一。此次论文以松辽盆地西部斜坡上白垩统油砂矿藏为研究对象，运用了钻井、测井和地球化学的方法对其进行了详细地解剖，分析了油砂储层的岩性、物性、电性和含油性特征，建立研究区油砂的测井解释模型和测井相模式，划分了砂岩层、泥岩层、主力油砂层、差油砂层和普通稠油层等，确定了油砂层的有效厚度，为研究区油砂储层影响因素以及分布规律的研究奠定了基础。为了掌握西部斜坡上白垩统油砂的分布规律，对研究区油砂的成藏条件进行了系统地研究，建立了油砂的成藏过程：西部斜坡油源主要来自于中央凹陷青山口组烃源岩，是松辽盆地中浅层最优质的烃源岩，并在坳陷期中晚期达到了生烃高峰；在燕山运动末期和喜山运动初期，松辽盆地处于构造反转阶段，遭受了构造挤压作用，促使中央凹陷内的油气发生快速长距离地侧向运移；中浅层相互叠置或由断裂沟通的砂体构成了油气运移的主要通道，油气运移至通道附近具有良好储盖配置关系的地区时，聚集成藏；原油由于遭受了一定的破坏作用（生物降解、水洗和氧化作用），粘度达到一定级别，形成了盆地边缘浅部的油砂矿藏，最终确立松辽盆地西部斜坡上白垩统油砂矿藏为简单斜坡运移型成藏模式。通过进一步分析，认为西部斜坡上白垩统油砂的成藏主控因素为：丰富的油源，来自中央凹陷的青山口组烃源岩生排烃潜力巨大，是研究区油砂成藏的重要源岩；两次挤压型构造运动为油气长距离快速运移提供了主要动力；中浅层砂体（连续叠加或由断层沟通）构成油气长距离运移的主要通道，能够发生油气运移的砂体及其附近的泥岩盖层是油砂成藏的区域控制因素，沉积微相、砂体物性是油砂成藏的局部控制因素；多种稠化作用促使油砂油粘度增加，并最终使油砂矿藏能够在盆地边缘成岩作用弱、物性良好、局部盖层不完整的浅部地区得到保存。以上油砂矿藏成藏条件及主控因素的研究表明松辽盆地油砂主要分布在盆地边缘，具有远源控制的特点，从中央凹陷到西部斜坡具有常规油气、稠油和油砂的分布序列；油气运移通道及附近具有良好的储盖配置关系的地区是油砂分布的有利区；沉积相是油砂分布的局部控制因素，同一沉积微相砂体中物性较好的砂体是油砂的主要储集单元，如水下分流河道砂体下部，河口坝砂体上部等，这些砂体连续性和物性较好，有利于油气的运移，直至上下及侧缘被泥岩所间隔，构成了油砂储集的主要空间。最后，优选了镇赉地区油砂分布有利区，并运用传统的含油率法和具有数学统计意义的蒙特卡洛法对有利区油砂资源量进行了计算，建立了适合该区的资源量评价体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oil sands are the important unconventional resources. In recent years, with theincreasingly development of the study of unconventional oil-gas resources, a number ofpotential oil sands mines have been discovered in China, such as western slope ofSongliao Basin. The oil sands reservoir on the western slope of Songliao basin is theresearch object in this paper and the drilling, logging and geochemical methods are used todo the detailed anatomy, then study the lithology, physical property, electrical propertyand oiliness of oil sands reservoir, build oil sands logging interpretation model andlogging facies model, divide the oil sands reservoir into sandstone layer, mudstone layer,main oil layer, poor oil layer, conventional heavy oil layer and so on, even establish theeffective thickness of oil sands. These studies provide basic data for investigating theinfluencing factor and distribution law of oil sands reservoir.In order to grasp the distribution law, it is necessary to study the oil sands reservoirforming conditions, and oil sands accumulation process is established: the oil sources inwestern slope are from the source rocks of Qingshankou Formation in the centraldepression, which are highest quality hydrocarbon source rocks in shallow layer ofSongliao Basin, and the peak period of hydrocarbon generation is in the middle and latedepression period. There is the tectonic compression that comes from the tectonicinversion in the late Yanshan and early Himalayan movements for Songliao basin. Thetectonic compression probably cause the lateral migration of oil-gas in the centraldepression. The middle-shallow sand body layers that are overlaid each other orcommunicated by faults constitute the main migration channels. When oil migrate into thearea near the migration channels with good reservoir-cap configuration relation, oil sufferfrom destructive action (biodegradation, washing and oxidation action), and the viscosity increases. Then the oil sands are accumulated in the shallow layers of Songliao basin edge.The accumulation model of the Upper Cretaceous oil sands reservoir in the western slopeof Songliao Basin is the simple slope migration type.Based on the further analysis, the main reservoir controlling factors of oil sands onthe western slope are: the rich oil sources of Qingshankou Formation in the centraldepression, which are the important oil sources of oil sands reservoir; the two compressiontectonic movements provide the main impetus for oil-gas long distant and rapid migration;middle-shallow sand bodies (continuous superposition or communication by fault)constitute the long distance migration pathway, and the sand bodies and the nearbymudstone cap rocks are the regional controlling factors for oil sands enrichment;sedimentary microfacies and physical characteristics of sand bodies are local controllingfactors of oil sands enrichment. Variety of thickening effects make the oil sands oilviscosity increase and finally oil sands reservoir can be deposited in shallow region ofthe basin edge where the diagenesis is weak, physical properties are good and local coversare incomplete.The study of oil sands reservoir conditions and main control factors indicate that oilsands are mainly distributed at the edge of Songliao Basin with the characteristics of thesource in the far area controlling. There is the distribution sequence of the conventionalcrude oil, heavy oil field and oil sands from the depression center to the western slope inSongliao Basin. Oil-gas migration pathway and the areas with good reservoir-capconfiguration relationship near migration pathway are the favorable areas of oil sandsdistribution. Sedimentary facies and physical properties are the local controlling factors ofoil sands distribution. Sand bodies with better continuity and physical properties in thelower part of underwater distributary channel and the upper part of the mouth bar areadvantageous to oil-gas migration. The main reservoir space of oil sands are these bettersands bodies which formed until the top, the underside and the side edge of sand bodiesseparated by the mudstone. Finally, based on the study above, the favorable areas of oilsands are optimized in Zhenlai area and the oil content method in tradition and montecarlomethod with mathematical statistical significance are used in calculating the oil sandsresource in the favorable areas. And the resourse evaluation system is established which issuitable for this area.更多还原