【作者】 罗胜杰；

【导师】 梅德明；

【作者基本信息】 上海外国语大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 自亚里士多德首提“parodia”、1932年陈望道先生首创“仿拟”一词以来，其研究连绵不断，数十位不同作者为此奉献了300多篇论文以及4部仿拟研究专著。然迄今为止，仿拟的跨学科研究依然一片空白，而本文整合了哲学、语言学、叙事学、语言经济学与和合学相关理论，对仿拟作了跨学科研究，填补了此空白。本文采用理论分析与案例分析相结合的方法，基于英汉语料，从哲学到和合学五个不同的维度对仿拟展开跨学科研究，分别揭示仿拟由“生”（产生）到“质”（本质），到“隐”（隐含），到“状”（现状），到“用”（使用），最后促进其更好的“生”的循环过程，形成一个封闭的仿拟多学科网络框架。该研究体现三方面意义：其一、联通整合学科。以仿拟为介质，揭示文中所涉五个学科间的联系，以此构建跨学科理论，为语言相关现象的跨学科研究提供参考；其二、拓展完善理论。通过仿拟叙事论证，首提仿拟叙事观，补充完善叙事学理论；以经济学中的重要概念如交替、博弈、拜物教和边际效应递减等研究仿拟，为语言经济学研究拓宽视角。其三、促进学科交叉。以仿拟研究促进语言学分枝学科的“内部”交叉、修辞学与叙事学的“远距离”交叉以及语言学与系统科学、经济学、和合学的“界”交叉，推动培育新的学术领域和学科增长点。本文由九章组成。第一章序言界定并定义仿拟，对其内在要素展开研究。第二章对仿拟的国内外研究现状进行了较为细致的归纳与述评。第三章从哲学维度揭示仿拟的“生”。受信息论启发，仿拟的产生和接受过程是信息编码和解码的过程，构建了基于信息论的仿拟产生与接受模型；普利高津提出的耗散结构理论的四项基本特征给仿拟以物质基础、生存平台和多维创造模式，并为仿拟负偏离的规避提供指导，据此构建了仿拟耗散结构形成示意图，体现自然科学理论在语言学中的应用；语言哲学解释了仿拟的语言游戏特性，体现为仿拟的多样性、家族相似性以及规则性。第四章从语言学维度研究仿拟的“质”。认知语言学视角上，概念合成理论揭示仿拟构成的心理机制，其类属空间作用甚大，可以之规避仿拟负偏离；仿拟而成的“中心词+外化亲属称谓语”个案分析，重构认知语言学的表征方法，确立除经验观、凸显观和注意观的第四种表征——联想观，并按思维程序重新排序，其使用基于礼貌原则，体现“贬己尊人”思想。语用学角度上，关联理论揭示本体与仿体的内部关系为二者在语音、语义和语篇等层面上的相互关联，仿拟生成理解应遵循“语用三律”：恒力规律、自主性规律和经济规律，仿拟创作所付出的力量恒定，体现了人们的自主性与创新性，体现了效用最大化原则，但其边际效用会出现递减；仿拟的使用是省力原则的较佳体现，是语言省力的实现者与表达效果的保障者，通过其使用，达到了省力与效果优化之目的，是省力原则中45度角的实现者。命名学角度揭示了仿拟的命名功能，带通名“园”仿拟类楼名的产生给其提供具体例证。第五章从叙事学角度研究仿拟的“隐”。置于修辞叙事学视角，并从事件的存在来看，仿拟也为叙事，由此确定了仿拟叙事观，其叙事特征体现在：以互文性为理念，用陌生化的叙事语言，结合模仿与类推这一叙事动力，用仿拟语言，讲述了一个个故事。第六章从语言经济学维度研究仿拟的“状”。首先，媒体中仿拟的滥用形成仿拟拜物教，其源于原始拜物教，历经商品拜物教和符号拜物教两个阶段。其产生动因在于追求产品销售的急功近利、过分强调销售广告的求新求异，以及对名人效应的盲目追求，解决的关键在于弱化媒介力量、转变消费认同、摒弃游戏语言，提倡一种超功利的审美文化；其次，经济学中的交替关系原理用于仿拟研究，揭示了仿拟中存在的显性与隐性交替两种形式，分别对应为仿拟的形式和内涵的交替。隐性交替有拟创与构式的交替和形式与效果的交替两种，它既是语言创新之本，又是语言规划与语言和谐的重要保证，值得关注，通过经济学中的机会成本策略和语言学相关策略，可以达到仿拟交替平衡；最后，以博弈论分析，仿拟是语言博弈之体现。博弈类型上，仿拟博弈分本体与仿体的博弈和创造者与接受者的博弈两种，分析表明，语言的选择便是博弈。仿拟博弈可收到一定的语用表达效果。第七章从合和学维度分析仿拟的“用”。针对仿拟造成不良封建思想的流露、对现有成语的胡编乱造、对名人的诋毁、民族感情的伤害等负面影响，提出摒弃不良价值取向、消除经济负面影响、倡导和谐仿拟语言构建。第八章为仿拟的多学科研究网络框架建构。在第三到第七章基础上，分析总结了仿拟各维度所揭示的仿拟的实质与作用，建立了仿拟的多学科网络框架，以图表方式将全文所涉的各个学科维度及相互位置与顺序加以说明，给类似语言现象的多学科研究提供理论范式。第九章为结论，指出本研究不足之处，并对未来研究提出几点展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Researches on parody have been going on without stop since Aristotle broughtforward the word “parodia” and Mr. Chen Wang-dao mentioned “fangni” in1932.More than300papers and4books on parody have been written by dozens ofresearchers since then. However, there exists a gap in the study of parody frommulti-dimensional and interdisciplinary perspective, and this dissertation fills in thegap by integrating the relevant theories in linguistics with those in philosophy,narratology, language economics as well as Hehe theory.With the research method of combining theoretic analysis with case study, thedissertation researches on parody from five different dimensions, respectivelydescribing the cyclic process of parody’s generation, essence, concealment, presentsituation and correct use, and finally back to its newer and better generation, thusforming a closed multi-dimensional framework. This research is of significance inthree aspects. Firstly, with parody as a medium, it reveals the connections among fivedisciplines mentioned above by unifying and integrating them, providing reference forinterdisciplinary research of language. Secondly, it improves relevant theoreticalconstruction. For example, it puts forward the viewpoint of parodic narrative bydemonstrating the existence of parody narrative, which supplements narratology.Besides, it broadens the research area of language economics by applying someimportant concepts such as alternation, game theory, fetishism and diminishingmarginal utility to parodic research. Thirdly, it boosts intersections of disciplines, suchas the inner intersection of sub-disciplines in linguistics, the distant intersectionbetween rhetoric and narratology, and the interface intersection of linguistics withscience of system, economics and Hehe theory, with the aim of fostering newacademic realm and new subject research.The dissertation consists of nine chapters.Chapter one gives a definition to “fangni” and discusses its two inner keyelements. Chapter two is contributed to reviewing and commenting on parody studies bothinland and abroad.Chapter three probes into the generation of parody from the dimension ofphilosophy: Systematics Philosophy and Language Philosophy.Firstly, enlightened by the Information Theory, the generation and acceptance ofparody equal to the encoding and decoding of information, on which basis,“TheModel of Parody’s Generation and Acceptance Based on Information Theory” isconstructed. Secondly, four basic characteristics of the Dissipative Structure Theoryput forward by Progogine provide parody with material base, platform for existence,and multi-dimensional creation model. Besides, the theory also gives guidance to howwe can avoid negative deviation of parody. Based on these, we draw a sketch map ofthe formation of parodic dissipate structure, presenting the application of naturalscience in linguistics. Thirdly, linguistic philosophy explains parody’s characteristicsof language game, namely, its diversity, family resemblance and regularity.Chapter four reveals parody’s essence from the dimension of linguistics. Theresult of research shows that Conceptual Blending Theory in cognitive linguisticsoffers mental mechanism for parody construction, and the generic space plays animportant role in avoiding parody’s negative deviation.The case study of “central word+externalized communicative appellation”reorganizes the representation methods, which means that association view is also anessential part of representation means apart from the experience view, prominenceview and observation view. With this, re-sequencing of the representation means incognitive linguistics is made according to the thinking order. Besides, the researchresults reveal that the choice of externalized communicative appellations is made onthe basis of politeness principle, self-belittling and others-esteeming is the internalmotivation.As far as pragmatics is concerned, the Relevance Theory explains that the innerrelationship between noumenon and profile model lies in their relevance inpronunciation, word meaning and discourse. The generation and understanding ofparody should follow “Three Laws in Language Use”, namely, law of force constancy, law of autonomy and law of economy. Under these laws, the effort payout inparody-making is constant; the process of parody making shows people’s autonomyand novelty, the utility maximization is represented, but the marginal utilitydiminishes. The use of parody is the reflection of the Least Effort Principle, forparody makes speech-saving possible and guarantees speech effort. By using it, theaim of effort-saving and effort optimization is realized, which makes parody becomethe achiever of the45°angle mentioned in the Least Effort Principle.Onomatology draws out the naming function of parody, since the making ofapartment names with “yuan”(园) as generic term gives an illustration for it.Chapter five studies things concealed in parody from the perspective ofnarratology. Parody is also proved to be one kind of narration according to rhetoricalnarratology and the existence of events in it. Its narrative features lie in that thephilosophy of parody narrative originates from intertextuality, while its languagebares the characteristic of defamiliarization, and its narrative power comes fromimitation and analogy. With all these, stories from one to another are told bymeans of parody.Chapter six puts present using situation of parody under consideration. Languagemisuse in advertisement roots in parody fetishism, which is the result of theevolvement from the primitive fetishism, to commodity fetishism and further tosymbol fetishism. The main reasons of this phenomenon lie in three aspects, namely,seeking prompt success and instant benefits in product selling, overemphasizingnovelty and diversity of the advertisement language as well as blindly pursuingcelebrity effect. To advocate correct parody generation and abandon parody fetishism,we must diminish media influence, convert consuming self-identity and cast awayplaying language tricks. Above all, the key is calling for an ultra-utilitarian aestheticculture.Being the primary principle of economics, the alternation theory also applies toparody research. There exist two kinds of alternations in parody, namely extrinsicalternation and intrinsic alternation, which are also called alternations of form andconnotation. Intrinsic alternation is sub-divided into two kinds: alternation between innovation and construction, as well as alternation between form and effect. It provesto be the root of language innovation and the important guarantee of language layoutand harmony, which deserves research. The balance of parody alternation can bereached by following the strategy of opportunity cost and relevant linguistic tactics.According to the Game Theory, parody is the reflection of language game.Parody game is divided into two types, firstly, the game between noumenon andprofile model and secondly, the game between creator and recipient. The research onparody game shows that the choice of language is a game and parody game may bringus certain expressive effect in language use.Chapter seven analyses parody use. Parody misuse leads to language disharmonyin the aspect of speech sounds, vocabulary, grammar and the combination of languageunit, which embodies the feudal consciousness, juggles language idioms, slanderscelebrities and hurts people’s feeling. To avoid this, we must abandon undesired valueorientation, eliminate economic negative influence and advocate construction ofharmonious language.Chapter eight constructs a multi-disciplinary framework for parody. Based on theresearches from chapter three to chapter seven, this part analyses and summarizes theintrinsic quality and its role revealed in all the above dimensions, and brings forth thisframework. The author shows, in a diagram, all the dimensions mentioned in thedissertation, and explains their situations and orders, which plays the role oftheoretical model for multi-disciplinary research of some language phenomena.Chapter nine makes a conclusion for the dissertation, we also points out thedeficiencies in the research and forecasts future researches in parody.更多还原