【作者】 宋洪柱；

【导师】 唐书恒；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 论述了主要含煤盆地和井字型构造格局的形成，在此基础上进行煤炭地质分区与勘查开发地质条件对比；通过煤炭资源与煤类分布图以及资源量统计论述了煤炭资源空间、数量和煤类分布特征；在构建勘查开发程度计算公式基础上对当前煤炭资源的勘查开发程度进行了定量分析，并结合煤炭资源的分布特征圈定了相应的潜力区块；通过煤炭资源产消的历史分析开展了对于未来煤炭资源的供需预测以及综合保障能力分析，最后指出煤炭资源勘查开发的发展趋势并提出初步建议。主要成果和认识如下：（1）含煤盆地经历了漫长的构造演化，形成了大陆区井字型构造格局，奠定了煤炭地质井型分区的基本格架；构造应力场性质分异是导致东西部主要含煤盆地的盆地类型、煤系宏观构造变形、勘查开发地质条件分异的根本控制因素；（2）太行以东断陷型含煤盆地面临巨厚新生界覆盖、断裂发育、高地温、高地压、高水压等问题，地质条件复杂；中西部坳陷型含煤盆地煤系埋藏浅，盆内变形微弱，地质条件简单，但水资源短缺、生态环境脆弱；就瓦斯而言多数矿井勘查开发条件差；（3）煤炭资源西多东少、北富南贫，而水资源东部多、西部少、南部多、北部少，山区多、平原少。煤炭资源与水资源、经济发展水平均呈明显逆向分布；各赋煤区煤炭资源的多寡与构造演化过程中作为长期稳定构造单元的古板块的分布及组成各赋煤区构造单元的多少具有某种对应关系，以华北、塔里木、扬子等大规模稳定古板块内部蕴含的煤炭资源量往往较大。（4）我国煤炭资源煤类齐全，从褐煤、低变质烟煤到无烟煤均有分布，但分布严重不均；（5）勘查开发程度定量分析表明：浅部勘查程度表现为东高西低、北高南低；开发程度表现为东高西低，南北分布特征不明显；蒙东、晋陕蒙宁、云贵川渝、北疆四分区以及神东、蒙东、晋北、晋中、陕北、新疆、云贵七大基地的资源前景无论在当前还是未来较长时期内均属较优之列；（6）未来煤炭资源产消均呈上凸式增长，2020年、2030年、2050年煤炭需求量分别为39亿吨、40亿吨和42亿吨左右，产能有能力与需求保持同步增长；煤炭进口量增加更有可能侧重于弥补某些特殊工业用途或优质煤炭资源的缺口上；总体上煤炭资源勘查开发保障能力较强。（7）未来东部地区勘查工作应侧重深部、大型推覆体之下以及老矿区外围煤炭地质精细勘查，同时注重煤层瓦斯与水文地质勘查工作；中西部在加强对于空白区和预测资源勘查力度的同时，加强对于保有尚未利用资源的勘查力度，提高勘探详查比例，形成资源梯级结构；（8）煤炭资源勘查开发在宏观和微观上均表现为战略西移，提出保护与减轻东部，稳定开发中部，加快开发西部的开发布局战略。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study discusses the formation of coal bearing basins and well types tectonicframework, and on this basis compares the coal geological division with the geologicalconditions of exploration and development; discusses the characteristics of coal resourcesspace, quantity, and distribution though the distribution map of coal resources and coal types;does quantitative analysis for the exploration degree of present coal resources on the bases ofthe construction of exploration and development formula, and combines coal resourcedistribution characteristics delineates the potential block; predicts the coal resources supplyand demand in future and analyses the comprehensive support capability through thehistorical analysis of the production and consumption of coal resources, at last points out thedevelopment trend of the coal resources prospecting and offers initial proposals. The mainoutcomes and understanding are as follows:(1)Coal basin experienced tectonic evolution in long time, formed mainland area tectonicframework just like a well, and established the basic framework of coal geological well fontpartition. The differentiation of the tectonic stress field’s nature is the fundamental factorswhich leaded to the differentiation of the major coal bearing basins in western and eastern,macroscopic structural deformation of coal measure and geological conditions of explorationand development.(2)Faulted coal basins to the east of Taihang mountain have some problems: thick Cenozoiccapping, fracture development, high ground temperature, high ground pressure, high waterpressure and so on; the coal series of depression type coal bearing basin in Midwest areshallow, within the basin, deformation is weak and geological conditions are simple, however,the water resource is lack and ecological environment is fragile; most mines’ explorationconditions are poor in terms of gas;(3)Coal resources is rich in west and north, poor in east and south, however, the watersources is rich in east and south, poor in west and north, at the same time the water inmountain area is more than it in plain. Coal resources, water resources, and economicdevelopment are significantly reverse distribution.(4)China has various kinds of coal, for example lignite, Low metamorphic bituminous coal,anthracite and so on, but they have seriously uneven distribution.(5)The quantitative analysis of exploration and development degree shows: the explorationlevel in shallow part is high in east and north, low in west and south; and development level in west is higher than it in east, and the distribution characteristic is not obvious.Eastern InnerMogolia zone, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia zone, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan,Chongqing zone, and northern Xinjiang zone, eastern Shenmu base, Eastern Inner Mongoliabase, northern Shanxi base, central Shanxi base, northern Shaanxi base, Xinjiang base,Yunnan and Guizhou base all have superior prospect of resource no matter in current or in thefuture.(6)In the future, the production and sales of coal resources will increase. In2020,2030and2050, the coal demand respectively are3.9billion,4billion and4.2billion, and Capacity cankeep pace with the demand growth; Increase in coal imports are more likely to focus on fillingthe gaps of some special industrial use or high-quality coal resources.Support ability of coalresources prospecting and exploitation is strong.(7)The Future exploration work in the eastern region should focus on Deep，Under largenappe and coal geological exploration in the periphery of old mines，while focus on coalseam gas and hydrological geological prospecting work，strengthen the ownership of unusedexploration coal resource, improve the exploration survey proportion, forming resourcecascade structure.(8)Exploration and development of coal resource in the macro and micro are expressed as a"strategic shift".The paper proposed the development layout strategy as:"protection andalleviate the eastern zone,Steady development in the central zone,To speed up thedevelopment of the West zone"更多还原