【作者】 唐仙丽；

【导师】 邓瑞平；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 国际法学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 农产品贸易促进是与农产品贸易保护相对应的概念。考虑到农产品贸易对于农业及其生产经营者所具有的积极作用,以及农业的特殊重要地位、弱质性和多功能性,许多国家在WTO允许的范围内,通过立法建立健全农产品贸易促进法律制度。各国以农产品贸易促进法律制度为依据,提升出口农产品品质,降低农产品出口成本,拓展农产品国际贸易市场,维护本国农产品生产经营者的合法权益,保障农业经济可持续发展。目前,一方面国际农产品贸易自由化停滞不前,仍主要停留在乌拉圭回合农业协议的内容范围；另一方面各国农产品贸易保护依然盛行,各国农产品贸易保护程度仍然居高不下。普遍存在的农产品贸易保护政策和措施不仅扭曲了正常的农产品贸易,阻碍了资源在农业领域的合理配置,同时也反过来成为了农产品自由贸易谈判的绊脚石。在此背景下,尽管入世以来我国农产品贸易总量不断增加,但贸易顺差开始减少,2004年首次出现贸易逆差后中国成为农产品净进口国。不断增长的农产品贸易逆差为我国粮食安全和农业可持续发展敲响了警钟,甚至可能影响到社会稳定和国家安全。无论从农产品贸易自由化和贸易保护的国际环境来看,还是从我国农产品贸易逆差不断增加的现实困境出发,农产品贸易促进都是亟待研究的重要课题。本文的主要研究任务是明确农产品贸易促进法律制度的基本概念和主要内容,从产业经济学、政治经济学、国际贸易和法学角度深度剖析该法律制度的理论基础,厘清WTO农产品贸易相关规则及其发展趋势,比较分析外国农产品贸易促进法律实践,结合我国农产品贸易法制现状,评析我国相关制度存在的问题,为构建和完善我国农产品贸易促进法律制度提出建议。全文除导言和结论外,共分五章：第一章首先从农产品贸易促进法律制度的定义入手,探讨农产品贸易促进法律制度的基本内涵；其次从该制度发挥的不同具体作用分析该法律制度的主要内容,认为农产品贸易促进法律制度通常包括提升农产品品质的法律制度、降低农产品出口成本的法律制度、农产品贸易预警和救济法律制度以及拓展农产品国际市场、提高农产品贸易便利化程度等其他方面的法律制度；然后梳理其形成和发展的历史沿革,并探寻该制度对于农产品生产经营者、农业经济持续发展、社会稳定及国家安全等各方面的重要意义。认为该制度有利于实现农产品贸易和国家经济可持续发展,有利于保障粮食安全甚至农业产业安全,并有利于实现农业的多功能性。第二章深入分析农产品贸易促进法律制度的理论基础,从产业经济学、政治经济学、国际贸易和法学等不同角度论证该制度存在的合理性与必要性,为后文的实证研究与制度完善建议提供理论支持。产业经济学方面涉及农业基础地位理论、农业弱质性理论和出口贸易促进经济增长理论；政治经济学理论基础涉及公共选择理论和工业反哺农业理论；国际贸易理论基础涉及国际贸易理论基础和国际竞争优势理论的比较研究；法学理论基础则论及该制度保障农业安全、维护社会正义以及维护农民生存权和发展权的法律功能。第三章从GATT/WTO农产品贸易规则演进入手,分析WTO有关农产品贸易促进的现行规则及WTO相关争端案例,探讨WTO多哈回合谈判对农产品贸易促进法律制度的影响,并对WTO农产品贸易规则做出总体评价。认为目前多哈回合已经陷于停滞状态,但前期已经取得部分成果以及各利益集团在谈判表现出来的态度和观点,是我们在建立完善农产品贸易促进法律制度时必须考虑的问题,必须预判未来农业谈判的方向,使我国农产品贸易促进法律制度与之相适应。第四章对美国、欧盟、日本、巴西、印度等国农产品贸易促进法律实践进行述评,总结不同发展水平国家农产品贸易促进法律制度的经验教训,为完善我国相关制度提供借鉴。世界各国建立健全农产品贸易促进法律制度,设立专门的贸易促进机构,主要采用农业补贴、出口信贷、出口保险、出口市场开发、提供公共服务、行业协调与出口检验等多种方式推动农产品贸易健康发展。第五章结合我国在农业方面的入世承诺,客观分析我国农产品贸易促进法律制度的现状及存在的问题,认为WTO农产品贸易规则对我国经济增长和农业发展既有积极贡献,也有负面影响。指出我国农产品贸易促进法律制度尚未建立完善的法律体系、缺乏核心法律制度、现有法律规范可操作性差、农业政策法治化程度不高、贸易促进管理体制不健全。在此基础上,借鉴国外农产品贸易促进法律制度和实践的先进经验,从理念、基本原则、法律体系、具体法律制度和配套措施等方面对我国农产品贸易促进法律制度提出完善建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural products trade promotion is a concept which is corresponding to agricultural products trade protection. Considering the agricultural products trade plays a positive role on agriculture and agricultural producer, special important status of agriculture, and the inferiority and versatility of agriculture, many countries have legislation in place to establish and improve the legal system of agricultural products trade promotion. Countries are based on the legal system of agricultural products trade promotion, improving the quality of agricultural product export, reducing the costs of agricultural product export, expanding the international trade market of agricultural products, safeguarding the legitimate rights of domestic agricultural producers, and ensuring the sustainable development of agricultural economy.At present, on the one hand, international agricultural trade liberalization is stagnant, still mainly stays in the range of the Uruguay Round agriculture agreement; On the other hand, countries agricultural trade protection is still prevailing, the level of countries agricultural trade protection is still high. The prevalence of agricultural products trade protection policy and measures not only distorts the normal agricultural products trade, hindered the resources in a reasonable allocation of agriculture, and also in turn become a stumbling block to agricultural products of free trade talks.In this context, although the volume of agricultural products trade in China continuously increased since its accession to the WTO, the trade surplus begins to reduce. China became a net importer of agricultural products for the first time in2004after a trade deficit. The increasing agricultural products trade deficit rings alarm bells for country’s food safety and agricultural sustainable development of China, which even may affect social stability and national security. Whether from the perspective of agricultural products trade liberalization and international environment of trade protection, or from the real predicament of the increased agricultural product trade deficit of China, agricultural products trade promotion is an important subject for research.The main research task of this paper is to clear the basic conception of the legal system of agricultural products trade promotion, to analyse the theoretical basis of this legal system from deep perspective, to clarify the relevant regulations and trends of WTO, to analyse the promotion of legal practice by foreign agricultural products trade, to combine the legal system of agricultural product trade of China with present situation, to put forward the proposal for constructing and perfecting the legal system of agricultural products trade promotion of China.Full text is divided into five chapters except introduction and conclusion:The first chapter firstly discusses the meaning of legal system of agricultural products trade, analyzing the main content of this legal system, combing its formation and development of the historical evolution, and searching for the significance of this system for agricultural production operators, the development of agricultural sustainable economy, social stability and national security.The second chapter analyzes theoretical foundation of legal system of agricultural products trade promotion, from the different perspective of industrial economics, political economics, international trad, law and so on to demonstrate the rationality and the necessity of this system, and to provide theoretical support for empirical research and system improvement Suggestions of farther below.The third chapter from the rules of evolution of GATT/WTO agricultural products trade, to analyze present rules of relevant WTO agricultural products trade promotion and relevant dispute case of WTO, this paper discusses the the influence of Doha Round negotiations to the legal system of agricultural products trade promotion, and makes overall evaluation of WTO agricultural products trade rules. The fourth chapter demonstrates a review of promoting legal practice by agricultural products trade promotion in the United States, the European Union, Japan, India and other countries, summarizes experiences of the legal system of agricultural products trade promotion in different countries in order to provide reference for perfecting the relevant regulations in China.The fifth chapter combining the WTO commitments in the field of agriculture in China, analyzing the present situation and the existence question of legal system of agricultural product trade promotion objectively, and from the basic principles, the frame structure and supporting systems, to put forward a perfect Suggestions to the legal system of agricultural product trade promotion.更多还原