【作者】 姚国标；

【导师】 邓喀中； 杨化超；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 摄影测量与遥感， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 大角度倾斜立体影像因其成像几何模型稳定、覆盖范围广以及纹理信息丰富，在城市真三维重建中发挥着关键作用。然而，由于传感器在获取影像过程中视角发生显著变化，导致影像间存在较大的几何和辐射畸变、同名区域遮挡等问题，加大了计算机自动立体量测同名像点匹配的难度。因此，研究此类影像的可靠匹配算法，无论是对提高城市真三维重建的效率，还是对推动数字摄影测量自动化进程，均具有重要意义。基于此，论文主要研究了仿射不变特征提取和匹配基础原理、多类型特征区域互补性匹配方法、最小二乘高精度鲁棒匹配算法、基于透视不变邻域变换准密集匹配策略、基于复杂三维场景的多视剖分匹配技术、核线驱动约束下建筑物角点匹配方法以及上述算法和策略在三维重建中的应用。主要研究成果如下：（1）提出一种仿射不变特征互补性评价测度（Complementary Metric, CM），实现了对现有仿射不变特征融合效果的定量评价，结果表明最大稳定极值区域（Maxmally Stable Extremal Regions, MSERs）与Harris&Hessian Affine特征互补性能较好，进一步研究提出融合互补仿射不变特征多层次自适应匹配方法，实际的倾斜立体影像实验结果表明该方法能够得到数量较多、分布均匀的特征匹配。（2）为增强特征匹配算法的鲁棒性，采用精确的核线方位代替特征区域主梯度方位，并通过最小二乘影像匹配（Least Square Matching, LSM）算法来优化特征匹配的精度，LSM迭代所需的良好的初始值由同名特征邻域固有的几何属性求取，实验结果表明，该方法能够使特征匹配精度有效提高到亚像素级；在仿射不变特征的LSM匹配基础上，提出一种透视不变邻域变换准密集匹配算法，实验结果验证了该方法具有精度和效率优势。（3）针对包含复杂建筑物的航空倾斜影像，提出一种基于仿射近似平面剖分的精化匹配算法，该方法能够有效获取景象深度不同匹配点；并提出一种基于核线驱动与自适应变窗口的建筑角点匹配方法，为视差断裂区域的同名点匹配问题探索了一种可行思路。（4）构建真三维重构应用评价体系。在集成本文多种可靠匹配方法基础上设计一套多层次自动转点技术，实验证明该技术能够为多航带倾斜影像自动空中三角测量提供充足的可靠同名像点，最后给出倾斜影像自动建模方法和实例。更多还原

【Abstract】 Large oblique stereo images have been playing a key role in realistic3Dreconstruction of digital city due to the advantages of stable geometric imaging model,big coverage and abundant texture information. However, the perspective of sensorhas changed notablely in the process of acquiring multi-view images, result in theproblem of severe geometric distortions, radiometric distortions and correspondingregion shadow, which hinders the work of automatic detect conjugate points bycomputer. Therefore, there are significances to study the reliable matching algorithmfor this type of images with the aspects of improving the efficiency of realistic3Dreconstruction and promoting the automatic level of digital photogrammetry.Based on these above, research in this paper would mainly focus on fundamentaltheories for extracting and matching of affine invariant features, complementaryregion matching method with multi-type regions, Least Square Matching (LSM)algorithm with high accuracy and robustness, quasi-dense matching strategy based onperspective invariant neighborhood transform, multi-view subdivision matchingtechnology based on complex3D scenes, matching method for corner points ofbuildings under the constraint of epipolar driving and the application in3Dreconstruction based on above algorithms and strategies. The major achievements areas follows:(1) In order to evaluate the integrating performance of existing affine invariantfeatures, we proposed a novel Complementary Metric (CM), based on which thequantitative assessment results indicate that MSERs and Harris&Hessian Affine havebetter complementary performance; and in the further study, an automatic andadaptive matching method is implemented from coarse to fine based oncomplementary features, experiments on real oblique stereo images show that it canincrease the number of matches with uniform distribution.(2) In order to improve the robustness of region matching, the dominant gradientorientation of feature neighborhood is replaced by accurate epipolar ray orientation,and feature location is optimized by Least Square Matching (LSM), the initialiterating matrix of LSM can be obtained based on inherent geometric information ofcorrespondent affine regions, test results show subpixel precision is gained; based onLSM of affine invariant features, an novel quasi-dense matching method withperspective invariant neighborhood transform is put forward, the experimentsdemonstrate that the proposed algorithm has significant superiority in terms of accuracy and efficiency.(3) An precise matching algorithm through subdividing affine approximateplanes is proposed for oblique images, characterized by severe projective distortionsand complexity of scenes, this method is valid for achieving matches located indifferent depth of fields; and we also propose an matching method for corner points ofbuildings based on epipolar driving and self-adapted window, which is a feasiblesolution to obtain corresponding points in regions of disparity discontinuities.(4) An evaluation system of realistic3D reconstruction is established. We havedeveloped a set of turning points technology with automation and hierarchy based onintegrating aforementioned reliable matching methods, experimental results prove thatthe improved technology can provide sufficient correspondents for automaticaerotriangulation of multi-strip oblique images, finally, the method and illustration ofautomatic modeling with oblique images are displayed.更多还原