【作者】 闫俊凤；

【导师】 邹放鸣；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 科技与教育管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 我国正处于从高等教育大国迈向高等教育强国的历史进程。行业特色高校是中国特色高等教育体系中不可缺少、不可替代的重要组成部分，具有令人瞩目的特色和优势。行业特色高校作为与行业具有天然联系、具备自身独特优势的大学类型，其发展对于促进行业科技进步和国家创新体系建设具有不可替代的作用。行业特色高校的学科专业涉及的众多行业，大都关系国计民生和国家核心竞争力的战略性领域。行业特色高校的发展和内涵、质量及水平的提升，是我国高等教育科学发展必须关注的重大战略课题。本文根据我国高等教育改革发展的基本趋势，遵循理论与实践结合、历史与现实结合的原则，运用比较优势理论与竞争优势理论、趋同理论、协同论与协同创新理论及SWOT分析法、层次分析法，对行业特色高校战略发展进行分析，特别是对行业特色高校在体制转型时期的发展困境、新时期面临的发展现状，以及影响其战略发展的内外部因素进行了审视，并以此基础，提出了行业特色高校适应新形势的要求实现其战略发展的基本对策。大学的发展与社会分工密切相关。各行各业对人才和技术的需求推动了大学，形态的发展和变化。无论在西方国家，还是在中国，大学在其产生之初就与社会生产密切相联。在西方，近代大学由行会组成，随着工业化、现代化进程的发展，大学与各行各业更是建立了有着千丝万缕的联系。我国古代大学形成了与行业的初步联系，但我国行业特色高校的产生，则是与我国近代高等教育的发展相伴而行的。新中国诞生后进行的院系调整形成了与工业发展需求紧密结合的大学格局，即高等学校体系由少数综合性大学和为数众多的行业特色高校构成。计划经济时期，以部门办学为显著特征的行业特色高校支撑了国家经济社会和文化事业的发展。社会主义市场经济体制的确立以后，伴随着高等教育大众化进程，我国高等教育宏观管理体制适应经济基础的需要进行了深刻的改革，行业部门办学的体制被打破，高校在大范围的合并、调整和重组的同时，进行了规模扩张，很多行业特色高校在发展战略定位上经历了游移、迷失、选择和调适的过程。这种迷失主要体现为由于学校发展战略定位模糊而产生的疏离行业特色的“去行业化”的趋势，相应地，这种调适也主要体现为适应国家现代化建设和高等教育发展的新形势和新任务的“再行业化”的取向。半个多世纪的发展历程中，行业特色高校经历了新中国成立初期蓬勃发展的辉煌阶段，也面临我国在新世纪由高等教育大国迈向高等教育强国进程中实现转型发展新的战略选择。行业特色高校在国家经济社会发展的过程中，有着难得的机遇和优势，同时也面临着新的挑战和自身存在的劣势。行业特色高校在长期面向行业培养大批的专门人才，拥有善于解决行业技术难题和丰富实践经验的科研队伍，具有与行业产业密切的产学研合作背景，形成了特色鲜明的学科优势和人才培养优势。但学科相对单一、基础学科相对薄弱、人才培养模式改革滞后等也是其现实存在的问题。与此同时，经济社会的深刻变革使行业特色高校与行业的联系有所疏离，行业特色高校在一段时间内面临办学经费缺乏以及科研项目减少、学生实践实训与就业等受到一定冲击的严峻形势；此外，行业特色高校办学也受到来自国内外一流大学乃至同层次高校的强力竞争，面临着多元化人才质量观的挑战以及宏观政策环境有待改善等因素的制约。制约行业特色高校发展的因素是复杂的，内部因素与外部因素交织。行业特色高校的发展除了受经济社会发展的基础、政府支持程度、高等教育政策等宏观条件影响，也与其所依托的相关行业自身的发展变化即行业景气度、学校所处地域条件及所在地方行业发展需求状况密切相关。除此之外，行业特色高校自身的办学定位、发展规划、人才培养、科学研究、学科建设、社会服务及内部治理也更加深刻地影响着学校的发展和战略取向。运用层次分析法对行业特色型高校战略发展的诸多影响因素进行的实证分析发现：学校面临的宏观政策环境，学校所处的内部和外部条件，人才培养的目标、模式和机制，科学研究和学科建设以及学校发展战略的主体选择等因素，虽然对于学校发展的影响强度不一，但在行业特色高校发展过程中却都是不可忽视的。基于上述对行业特色高校转型发展形势及影响因素的分析，本文认为，国家应当从宏观上完善对行业特色高校发展的政策环境，把行业特色高校的发展纳入国家战略发展体系予以重视。行业特色高校则应主动适应国家、行业和区域的战略需求实现自身的发展。从外部来看，必须全面审视学校发展所面临的战略态势，包括国家现代化建设对高等教育提出的新要求，高等教育改革发展带来的高等学校激烈竞争的新格局，学校所处的行业和地方在改革发展过程中呈现的新情况等，根据自身的实际情况确定自身的长远发展战略，抢抓机遇，迎接挑战，发挥自身优势，克服自身的弱点，跟上时代步伐，不断提高办学水平和办学效益。从内部来看，必须遵循高等学校办学规律，坚持科学定位，彰显办学优势，构建创新型人才培养体系，加强科学研究与学科建设，完善学校的治理结构、制度与文化环境，提高学校的核心竞争力，协调内部战略互动，形成与行业及区域稳定的共建机制，促进协同创新。总之，行业特色高校在发展战略选择上，必须坚持走内涵发展、创新发展、特色发展之路。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of university developed rapidly in the historical period, industrycharacteristics universities is an important part of Chinese higher education system. Itsdevelopment plays an irreplaceable role for the industry promotion of scientific andtechnological progress and the national innovation system construction. According tothe basic trend of development of higher education reform in our country, the paperanalyzes and reviews the development difficulties that industry characteristicsuniversities faced in the transition period, development situation in new period, andinternal and external factors affecting its development by obeying the principle ofcombining the theory and practice, history and reality, and on the basis of thecomparative advantage theory and the competitive advantage theory, the convergencetheory, the synergy theory, collaborative innovation theory and SWOT analysisapproach and AHP approach. On aforesaid basis, the paper puts forward thedevelopment strategy for industry characteristics universities meeting the requirementsof the new situation.University’s development is closely related to the social division of labor. Therequirement of talent and technology from all walks of life of social has promoted thedevelopment of universities. No matter in western countries or in China, at thebeginning of the university’s foundation, it is closely linked with the social production.In the west, the modern university is composed of guild. With the development ofindustrialization and modernization process, the university has connected tightly withmany industries. Ancient Chinese university has formed a preliminary contact withindustry, but industry characteristics universities started with the development ofmodern higher education in China. after the birth of new China, we adjusted thedepartments and formed the pattern of university which was closely integrated withthe industrial development demand, that is the institutions of higher learning systemwas composed by a handful of comprehensive universities and more industrycharacteristics colleges and universities. With the establishment of the socialist marketeconomy and the process of popularization of higher education, the macro managementsystem of higher education has been reformed decently to adapt to the need to of theeconomic foundation. Within More than half a century of development, the industrycharacteristics universities has experienced a glorious stage of vigorous development inthe early years of the founding of new China, has suffered the dilemma of development in the reform of higher education and also faced new strategic choice during thetransition process from the scale to quality of higher education in the new century.During the new period, industry characteristics universities have faced the rareopportunity and advantage, at the same time faced the new challenges and their owndisadvantage. From the perspective of its own special development, it obtains a greatachievement, however, in reality there are many problems existing. At the same time,the industry characteristics universities are challenged from top universities at homeand abroad, and even with the level of competition universities for some time.Factors affecting the development of Industry characteristics universities arenumerous and complex and the internal factors and external factors are intertwined. Thepaper concludes that these factors can not be ignored in the process of development ofindustry characteristics universities, although these factors affect the strength variesthrough actual evidence analyzing for numerous facts affectingIndustry characteristics universities by using AHP approach.In the light of the aforesaid factors affecting Industry characteristics universities,the paper deems that China shall perfect its policy environment in the large sense andenters its development into state strategy development system and much attention shallbe paid. Industry characteristics universities shall adjust to the requirement of strategiesof state, industries and area to realize its self development. From the exterior view,strategic situation to the development of school shall be faced fully, a new pattern ofintense competition of higher education colleges and universities by the reform ofhigher education，and the new situations that school in which the industry and localreform and development process presents, etc.. From the interior view, it is conduciveto the development of industry characteristics universities from the macroscopic, andbeing into the national strategic development seriously. Industry characteristicsuniversities must adhere to the connotation of development, innovation anddevelopment, feature development.更多还原