【作者】 于斌；

【导师】 刘长友；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 采矿工程， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 大同矿区是侏罗系和石炭系双系煤层同时赋存而且顶板坚硬难冒的矿区，煤层的赋存和开采条件复杂，在石炭系14-20m特厚煤层综放开采过程中，工作面出现了强矿压显现而且严重影响了工作面的安全高效生产。为此，本文结合大同矿区的区域地质构造特点、双系煤层的地质赋存条件、已有的开采环境和石炭系特厚煤层安全高效开采的要求，采用理论分析、物理相似模拟、数值计算以及现场实测相结合的方法，深入分析研究了石炭系特厚煤层综放工作面强矿压显现机理，提出了工作面强矿压的控制方法与技术途径。（1）揭示了大同矿区石炭系特厚煤层综放开采工作面矿压显现的特征规律。石炭系3-5#特厚煤层大采高综放工作面老顶初次来压步距和周期来压步距大，动载系数大，具有强矿压显现特征，老顶来压持续时间长，支架安全阀开启频繁，煤壁片帮和工作面顺槽围岩变形严重，动载特征明显，而且周期来压强度呈现强弱交替出现的大小周期变化规律。（2）建立了基于地质动力和开采技术条件的从宏观区域到微观局部的矿压研究新方法。揭示了大同矿区地质动力环境、双系煤层采动相互作用，侏罗系采空区煤柱集中应力和石炭系煤层覆岩破断失稳、沿空动压多因素共同作用的强矿压显现机理。（3）揭示了口泉断裂对同忻井田强矿压的影响机理。同忻井田口泉断裂的水平挤压和垂直升降形成了井田内典型的地质动力环境，复杂的构造背景、应力的集中和弹性能量积聚形成了发生强矿压显现的地质动力条件，通过对井田构造应力区的划分，明确了易发生强矿压显现的地质构造带和高应力区域。（4）分析了双系煤层开采的相互作用和侏罗系采空区煤柱对石炭系开采的矿压作用机理。同忻井田上覆永定庄矿侏罗系煤层采空区留设的区段煤柱，其应力影响深度50~70m，石炭系煤层开采覆岩垮裂带高度150-170m，区段煤柱的集中应力和石炭系煤层的覆岩活动加剧了矿压传递作用和矿压显现强度。（5）揭示了石炭系特厚煤层开采覆岩的垮断失稳结构特征，据此建立了特厚煤层综放工作面支架与围岩关系力学模型，并确定了石炭系特厚煤层覆岩多层坚硬顶板条件下支护阻力的计算方法。（6）提出了大同矿区特厚煤层强矿压显现控制的支架合理选型与辅助控制技术相结合的方法，建立了水压致裂弱化坚硬顶板、高应力弱化控制技术，有效地减少了矿压显现强度，取得了显著的技术效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Datong mining area is Jurassic and carboniferous dual seam lines meanwhileoccurrence and is difficult to take hard roof mine, where the occurrence of coal seamand mining conditions is complicated, in the carboniferous special thick seam miningprocess, there has been a strong pressure behavior in the face but also seriously affectthe face safe and high efficiency production. So this paper combined with regionaltectonic features of Datong mine, occurrence conditions of two-line coal geological,existing mining environment and requires of carboniferous special thick seam safeand high efficiency production mining, applied theoretical analysis, physicalsimilarity simulation, numerical calculation and field measurement method ofcombining, in-depth analysis of strong pressure behavior mechanism of thecarboniferous special thick seam mining face, proposed control methods and technicalmeans for the face strong pressure.(1) Reveals the characteristic of Datong mining area carboniferous special thickseam mining face ground pressure behavior. Carboniferous3-5#special thick seam offully mechanized caving face shown the basic roof first weighting step and periodicweighting step are big, dynamic load coefficient is big, with strong pressure behaviorcharacteristics, roof pressure of long duration, stent valve opens frequently, coal walland the working face rock deformation seriously, dynamic load characteristicssignificantly, but also the strength of periodic pressure shown the cycle variation ofthe strength of alternating.(2) Based on geological dynamics and mining technical conditions from themacro to the micro local region established new ways. Revealed the geologicaldynamic environment of Datong mine, the mining interaction of double seam lines,and the mechanism of jurassic gob pillar stress concentration and carboniferous coaloverburden fracture, joint action along the empty dynamic multi-factor of strongpressure appearing.(3) Reveals the influence mechanism of Kouquan fracture to the strong pressureof Tongxin mine field. Where the horizontal compression and vertical movements ofKouquan fracture formation of the typical geological dynamic environment, thecomplex tectonic setting, stress concentration and accumulation of elastic energy thatformation of geological dynamic conditious of a strong pressure occurrenced, by thedivision of field tectonic stress areas, the geological structure and high-stress areas ofoccurrence strong pressure behavior were definited.(4) The mechanism of interaction of dual seam lines mining and effection ofjurassic gob pillar to carboniferous mining were analysed. The section pillar of Yongding village mine jurassic gob which is overlying Tongxin mine field leaving,which the stress influence depth is50~70m, when carboniferous coal seam miningthe height of overlying strata collapse crack is150-170m, the stress concentration ofsection pillar and the activities of overburden rock intensified pressure to pass andstrength of mine pressure behavior.(5) Reveals the structural characteristics of overlying strata collapse andinstability on carboniferous special thick seam mining, whereby establishment ofmechanics model between a special thick seam fully mechanized caving face and therelationship with the surrounding rock, but also determine the support resistancecalculated methods under the conditions of carboniferous special thick seam overlyingstrata multilayer hard roof.(6) Propose methods of reasonable selection of stent under the special thick seamof Datong mining area strong pressure behavior control and combined with auxiliarycontrol technology, establishment of control technology of a hydraulic fracturingweakened hard roof and high stress weakening, effectively reducing the strength ofmine pressure behavior and achieved significant technical results.更多还原