【作者】 秦旸；

【导师】 刘志云；

【作者基本信息】 武汉体育学院 ， 体育教育训练学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 现代女子足球运动的迅速发展对女子足球运动员的竞技能力提出了更高的要求。机能作为影响女子足球运动员体能与技战术能力的内在因素，已经成为女足训练及比赛中对运动员进行监控与评价的重要环节。机能监控与评价是女足科学化训练的重要体现。论文在深入探讨女子足球运动员赛前机能评价的理论基础上，以2011年至2012年不同集训阶段的中国女子足球国家队运动员赛前机能状态作为研究对象，采用文献资料法、专家调查法、层次分析法、测试法以及实证分析方法等研究方法，从单维度以及综合维度两个层面对中国女子足球国家队运动员进行赛前机能评价研究。论文通过研究得出如下结论：1.论文根据系统论的理论基础，从生理机能的综合影响效应为切入点，明确运动员赛前机能的概念。认为赛前机能是运动员在参与体育运动的特定阶段，即比赛前期（赛前1-3天），以运动系统功能为外在主体表现，其他相关系统功能为内在影响因素的机体综合能力的体现。2.文献查阅与专家调查结果表明影响女子足球运动员机能的主要因素为遗传因素、训练因素、生理因素、心理因素、环境因素以及营养与药物因素。对女子足球员的机能评价应注重科学严谨性、连续周期性、客观事实性、专项针对性、个体差异性、实时有效性以及简易操作性原则。3.对女子足球运动员的赛前机能评价可以从单维度机能评价以及多维度机能评价两方面进行。单维度赛前机能评价包括骨骼肌系统、氧运输系统、物质代谢系统、激素调节系统以及神经调节系统五部分。多维度评价是在单维度评价的基础上运用层次分析法构建赛前机能综合评价体系，对女子足球运动员赛前机能状态进行综合评价。4.通过专家问卷调查以及对中国女子足球国家队运动员的赛前机能监测，并运用层次分析法构建我国优秀女子足球运动员赛前机能综合评价体系。包括骨骼肌机能、氧运输机能、物质代谢机能、激素调节机能以及神经机能5项一级指标；肌酸激酶、最大摄氧量、心率恢复速率、血红蛋白、血尿素氮、体脂百分比、尿比重、血清睾酮、血清皮质醇、反应时以及紧张度指数共11项二级机能指标。5.运用累进积分法建立我国优秀女子足球运动员赛前机能的单项与综合评分标准，运用百分位数法建立我国优秀女子足球运动员赛前机能的单项与综合等级评价标准，提出我国优秀女子足球运动员赛前综合机能理想模型。通过评分标准与等级标准的运用可以显示国家队女足运动员赛前整体机能是否处于最佳状态。6.运用实证分析方法，对我国女足国家队运动员的赛前机能综合评价与比赛体能以及技能状态数据的回归分析显示，女足运动员赛前机能综合评价与比赛中运动员的高强度跑动、冲刺跑动能力、高强度跑动间歇、向前传球成功率以及传中成功率具有显著性相关。表明赛前机能综合评价体系可以作为预测运动员比赛高强度体能状态以及部分技能状态的有效方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Quick development of modern women’s football requires more on athleticability.As an important factor for female soccer players’ fitness,technological andtactical performance,physical function has been one part of training monitoring andevaluation. The function monitoring and evaluation is an important manifestation ofwomen’s football in scientific training.we have discussed the theoretical system offemale soccer players’functional evaluation based on system theory,and analyzed thephysical function monitoring and evaluation about the soccer players of ChineseWomen’s National Team during the year2011and2012,and built the comprehensiveevaluation system of physical function evaluation before the match. Here are theconclusions：1.According to the system theory,we defined the concept clearly about pre-matchfunction combined with the structural features of human physiology from the effectsof physiological function as the starting point.Pre-match function is comprehensivefunction status when athletes in specific stages:before the match(1-3days before thematch). It is mainly influenced by the ability of body movement system functions,andother system functions as the internal influence factors.2.Main factors that affect the function of female soccer players were geneticfactor,training factor,physiological factor, psychological factor, environmental factor,as well as nutrition and drug factors. Functional Evaluation of women’s soccer playersneeded to focus on the process of scientific rigor, continuous periodic objectivefactual, special targeted individual differences, real-time validity and simpleoperational principle.3.function evaluation of female soccer players can be carried out both from thethe subsystem function evaluation, and comprehensive function evaluation. Functionevaluation of the subsystems including the skeletal muscle system, the oxygentransport system, metabolism, hormonal regulation system and neuron modulationSystem, focusing on women’s soccer athletes’ fatigue and recoveryevaluation.pre-match function evaluation used comprehensive evaluation system to preview athletes’match performance.4.By experts survey and research in Chinese women’s football national team,wehad built the comprehensive pre-match function evaluation system for elite femalesoccer players,including skeletal muscle function,oxygen transport aircraft, substancemetabolism,hormone regulation function, and nerve function； creatine kinase,maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, recovery rate,hemoglobin,blood urea nitrogen,body fat percentage, specific gravity serum testosterone,cortisol,reaction time and thetension index. Indicators at all levels in the system established by AHP weights.5.By using the progressive integration method,we have established Chinesewomen’s football national team players’ function single/comprehensive score andgrade evaluation criteria.Part of Chinese Women’s National Team athletes did notreach the best functional state by using the score and grade standards.6.By using empirical analysis method,regression analysis showed thatcomprehensive pre-match function evaluation had Significant correlation with highintensity running, sprinting ability,high-intensity running interval time, successfulforward passing rate and successful crossing rate.function evaluation system can beused to pre-judge athletes’e high intensity physical performance and part of skillperformance during the match.更多还原