【作者】 杨浩然；

【导师】 漆昌柱；

【作者基本信息】 武汉体育学院 ， 体育教育训练学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 我国竞技体育在举国体制下创造了跨越式发展的奇迹，但随着社会的发展，竞技体育领域出现了后备人才培养失衡、竞技体育区域发展不均衡和项目发展不均衡以及环境失衡等问题。深入贯彻落实科学发展观是实现我国竞技体育可持续发展的必然路径，包容性发展与科学发展观一脉相承，其核心要义是“兼容、共赢、公正、共享”，已成为我国中央执政理念，是我国竞技体育可持续发展的诉求。本研究尝试从包容性发展这一全新的视角出发，以生态学、经济学、体育学和社会学理论为指导，构建我国竞技体育生态系统及其可持续发展的路径。研究结果如下：（1）竞技体育是由后备人才、竞技体育和环境有机组成的一个大的生态系统，三个子系统的包容性发展是实现竞技体育可持续发展的不二选择。（2）完善竞技体育后备人才培养体系。我国竞技体育后备人才培养失衡，培养机制有待完善。应坚持和完善举国体制，建立“以人为本”的竞技体育后备人才培养新体系，推行大部制，合并教育部与体育总局，实行体教结合，使体育真正回归教育，全面发展运动员素质，保障运动员权益。（3）竞技体育“优先发展”战略应调整为“均衡发展”战略。我国竞技体育区域发展不均衡，项目发展不均衡。应加强各区域间交流，促进体育人才合理流动，政府的政策应在宏观调控的基础上兼顾公平，使东、中、西部地区竞技体育协调均衡发展。举国体制与市场机制对接，保证优势项目的发展，补齐基础项目的“短板”，引导项目均衡发展。（4）优化竞技体育包容性发展的外部环境。面对失衡的生态环境，应坚持绿色奥运，践行生态文明建设，建设美丽中国，使环境资源的适度开发及管理并重，促进人与环境的兼容发展；营造公平正义的政治环境，体育法制建设势在必行；营造成果共享的经济环境，计划经济体制下的“举国体制”与市场经济体制下的“职业体育”包容共赢；营造包容公平的社会文化环境，坚持“体教结合”；营造科技创新环境，完善体育科技管理体制机制,健全科技资源开放共享机制，加强科技人才培养和队伍建设，自主创新，加大经费投入，科技重心应兼顾与群体体育和学校体育的均衡化发展。改变“唯金牌论”，“夺标”和“育人”相融合当是我国竞技体育的主导价值观。（5）协调竞技体育包容性发展的内部环境。我国竞技体育与群众体育脱节，“体教分离”造成运动员文化教育的缺失和选材面的萎缩。应通过政府主导、社会自治、市场自主三者之间的协调运转和有机融合，使“奥运争光”和“全民健身”两个战略协调发展，确保竞技体育可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The competitive sports in China have been developing rapidly over the pasttwenty years and achieve a leapfrog development worldwide. However with thepolitical and economic reform in our country, many inharmonious signs haveemerged between the development of the whole-nation system and the socialenvironment, including imbalanced cultivation of prospective sports talents, unevendevelopment in different regions and different competitive sports.Thoroughly applying the scientific outlook on development is an inevitableoutcome to achieve the goal of sustainable development of competitive sports in ourcountry. Inclusive development and scientific development are integral to each other,the core of which is compatibility, win-win, fairness and sharing. The theory ofinclusive development has already been adopted as one of the principles ofgoverning by the Central Government and also has been the appeal to the sustainabledevelopment of competitive sports in our country.The paper is intended to construct the ecosystem of competitive sports and itspath of sustainable development from the perspective of inclusive development,which is based on the theory of ecology, economics, physical education andsociology.Based on the analysis, the paper summarizes the conclusions in the followingaspects. Firstly, competitive sports are a comprehensive ecosystem combined by thesports talents, the competitive sports itself and the environment. The inclusivedevelopment of those subsystems is the only option of achieving sustainabledevelopment of competitive sports. Secondly, the system of cultivating prospectivesports talents should be improved. The whole-nation system should be upheld andimproved. The system of cultivating prospective sports talents should be establishedby adopting putting people first as its core. Large department system should beimplemented further. The Ministry of Education and the State GeneralAdministration of Sport can be merged, seeking a return to education, promoting thedevelopment of sportsmen in an all-round way and safeguarding their rightsand interests. Thirdly, the strategic decision of the State to give priority to thedevelopment of competitive sports should be adjusted to the strategy of its balanceddevelopment. At present, there are uneven development in different regions and different competitive sports. The exchanges among across different regions shouldbe strengthened. The flow of sports talents should be facilitated properly. Thegovernment should persist in overall consideration in order to enhance the balancedand coordinated development of competitive sports in East China, Central China andWest China. The whole-nation system and the market system should be connected,ensuring the development of advantageous sports, making up the development offundamental sports and guiding the balanced development of all sports. Fourthly, theexternal environment for inclusive development of competitive sports should beoptimized. Facing the imbalanced ecosystem in China nowadays, we’d betterimplement Green Olympics and eco-civilization construction, giving equal value tothe rational utilization and supervision of environmental resources, furthering thecompatible development of human being and environment. The politicalenvironment of fair competition should be built and the construction of sportslegislation should be accelerated. The economic environment of sharing theachievements should be created, practicing win-win strategy of whole-nation systemin the planned economy system and the professional sports in the market economy.The compatible cultural environment should be created, pursuing scientificand technological innovation, improving sports management system and easy accessto technological resources, improving the training and development plans for skilledpersonnel. The capacity for independent innovation should be enhanced and the bestvalue for money for research should be provided. The theme of―the gold medalonly‖should be changed, and the integration of "champion" and "education" shouldbe the dominant values of competitive sports in our country. At the same time, theconsideration must be given to both mass sports and competitive sports. Last, theseparation of sports and education may result in the lack of education and narrowingdown the choices of sportsmen. In order to ensure the sustainable development ofcompetitive sports in China, the Olympic Gold Medal Winning Program should bepromoted coordinately with the National Fit-keeping Program by the combinationof the government-led imitative, the self-ruling of society and the independent rightof market.更多还原