【作者】 于仁杰；

【导师】 马荣国；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 交通事件是高速公路使用中的常见问题，对高速公路上的驾驶员极易造成影响，引发二次事故，明显降低高速公路的服务性能。国内外交通发展的实践经验和教训表明，解决交通事件引发的问题，需要合理的制定交通组织形式，科学的采取限速值，有效的设置限速标志，最大化的利用交通资源，更好的服务驾驶人员。本文针对我国高速公路交通事件特性，结合常见的交通组织形式，研究发生在高速公路基本路段和特殊点段交通事件的限速问题以及限速标志的设置问题，进而为交通实践提供科学的理论依据。本文的主要工作如下：1、划分交通事件的影响区及给出区段长度的计算方法。将交通事件影响区区段划分为：警告区、上游过渡区、缓冲区、工作区、下游过渡区、终止区，并对每一区段内行驶车辆的速度离散性和快慢与行车安全的关系进行分析。2、基于高速公路基本路段限速问题的模拟研究，旨在分析基本路段的交通流特性，主要包括道路通行能力、合流区车辆变道特性和车辆换道安全间隙。车辆以临界间距实施换道行为时，即认定为换道冲突；车辆以不同速度在同一车道行驶，前后车速和加速度达到某一差值时，即认定为追尾冲突。交通冲突数越多则表明越不安全，通行能力折减越大则表明通行效率越低。通过上述条件建立元胞自动机微观仿真模型，进行对于双向四车道以及双向八车道在不同交通组织形式下限速值大小的模拟研究，提供最终建议限速值。3、对长大下坡、匝道、隧道等特殊点段的限速问题进行具体研究。引入特殊点段概念的界定，结合车辆在特殊点段上的制动安全性和换道安全间隙的分析，通过特殊点段交通组织形式元胞自动机仿真模型的建立，最终得出不同坡度不同交通量大小情况下的建议限速值，以及匝道、隧道的建议限速值4、对限速标志的合理位置进行深入探讨。首先对于限速标志进行类型划分，指出限速标志在施工作业区与交通事故下的异同点；其次针对驾驶员的生理特性，分析限速标志对于驾驶员的影响；再次关于基本路段和特殊点段，给出限速标志的具体位置；最终对于限速标志位置设置模型的应用性与有效性进行验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traffic incident is a usually problem in the use and construction of highway, which has amarked impact on the drivers. And it may bring a severe secondary accident so that themotorway service performance compromised.Domestic and international transportationdevelopment experience and lessons that solve the problems under the traffic incident, theneed to develop reasonable and proper transportation organization, take a scientific limitedspeed, and set effectively limited speed signs in the position. As a result, these measures makemaximize the use of transportation resources and better services to the driver. This paperfocuses on the characteristics of traffic incident of freeway, combining common trafficorganizational forms, and solves the problems that what the limited speed acquired when thetraffic incident occurred in the basic and special position of freeway and where the speed limitsigns set proper. Then give some instructions to traffic engineering.The contents of this dissertation are as follow:Firstly, the traffic incident affected zone has been divided and a specific calculationmethod of length of every zone has been given Events area is divided into sections: warningzone, the upstream transition zone, buffer zone, the work area, the downstream transition zone,termination zone. Then the paper analyzes the relationship of the degree and dispersion ofvehicle speed between the safeties of freeway.Secondly, Research on the basic position of freeway limited speed problem withsimulation study. The characteristic of the position of freeway is analysis including highwaycapacity, the characteristics of vehicle change lane in merge area and the security clearance ofchange lane. If the vehicle change lane with critical distance, this behavior will identity aschange-lane conflict. If the accelerated speed and distance between vehicles is in somedifference, this situation wills identity as crash conflict. The more traffic conflicts that showsthe more insecure and the greater the capacity reduction indicates the lower traffic efficiency. Under these conditions established cellular automata microscopic simulation model, it studyon the value of limited speed in four-lane and eight-lane freeway with different trafficorganizational forms, and the recommendation limited speed is given.Thirdly, Research on the special position of freeway limited speed problem, includingramp, tunnel and long downhill. The first section gives the definition of special points, andthen point out the safety of vehicle change lane and the braking and security clearance. Finally,cellular automata simulation model is established under the traffic organization form ofspecial position, give the different speed limit value in different slopes and different highwaycapacity and the speed limit value in ramp and tunnel.Fourly, Study on where the speed limit signs set is proper. First, the type of speed limitsigns were divided and pointed out the similarities and differences in the construction workzone and traffic accidents about speed limit signs. Second, under the driver’s physiologicalfactors analyzed the impact of speed limit signs for the driver. Then put forward specific pointin the basic sections and special sections position, the final position settings for speed limitsigns and application of the model to verify the validity.更多还原