【作者】 刘莉；

【导师】 李佩成；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 水文学与水资源， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 涉水问题研究到今天，不仅仅要考虑到水的自身，还要考虑到人类与水的关系，更要考虑到由水引发的人与人之间的关系，这需要引入水安全的概念。水文生态安全保障是实现水安全保障的基础。法律角度研究水文生态安全不仅为更新涉水问题研究提供理论依据；而且为完成现代涉水法治建设提供基础论证，更是为生态安全保障的法律规制提供必要的理论借鉴。本文从解析概念入手，总结国内外认知的基础上，运用语义分析法、借鉴分析法提出“水文生态安全”的概念认识。进而运用多学科的知识分析了水文生态安全问题的典型表现，提出水文生态安全保障的必要性和可行性。运用法理学原理分析法律在水文生态安全保障中的重要作用并做出法律保障的路径安排。继而综合运用法理学和协同论，从形式建构和内容建构两个方面提出了完善水文生态安全保障法律框架的构想。再以三项法律制度为例提出具体的法律建议，对水文生态安全保障进行了实证分析。本文涵盖如下几个重要的观点：（1）水安全是水被理解为环境因子、资源因子和社会因子保证水处于良好循环，实现为人类持续供给，达到人人平等享有水资源，保障国家政治稳定的良好状态。水文生态安全指充分重视水文系统与周围生态系统之间关系的基础上，维持水文生态平衡的良好状态。（2）目前的水体、湿地、地表植被和生物多样性等都集中曝露出水文生态安全问题，水文生态安全保障刻不容缓。（3）我国目前虽然没有直接关于水文生态安全保障的法律规定，但法律体系和法律内容上都还有所涉及，只是存在不少弊病。（4）法律凭借其确认、保护、协调和预设的功能，在水文生态安全保障中起到不可或缺的重要作用；协同不同学科的知识为完成水文生态安全保障提供了更广阔的前景。（5）形式上建构国家到地方不同法律效力等级的纵向架构以及从水事系统延伸至周围生态系统的横向建构；内容上建构水文生态安全论证、生态环境用水评价、三水统观统管等三个层面的制度模块，就形成了形式与内容上的水文生态安全保障的法律框架。（6）总结分析我国现有的水资源论证制度，生态环境用水制度和地下水管理制度的基础上，提出具体的法律制定建议，能够为水文生态安全保障提供更具操作性的法律实证分析。本文首次从法律角度聚焦水文生态安全，结合运用生态学、水文学、社会学、管理学等层面的学科知识的基础上，在如下几个方面进行了新的思考探索：一是阐释“水文生态安全”的概念，使水问题的研究范畴更加明确。二是强调水文生态安全保障的重要理念，最终落脚于法律层面探讨水文生态的安全保障。三是协同多学科知识，并融合于法律规范的制定中，试图进行多学科融合的创新突破与拓展，为解决涉水问题为提供新的思路。四是从形式和内容两个层面提出水文生态安全保障的法律框架的构想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research on water issues, up to today, not only takes into account the problem of wateritself, but also has to consider the relationship between human being and water, and therelationship between human beings related to water issue must also be considered. A conceptof water safety has been introduced here to address these issues. A well maintainedhydroecological system is critical for water safety. Study of hydroecological safety from thelegal point of view not only builds a theoretical foundation for the water related study andprovides fundamental support to modern water law improvement and reform, but alsoprovides necessary references to the law and regulations for ecological safety.The main idea in this paper is to use the analytical concept, with comprehensive reviewof Chinese and international water safety studies, to presents new concepts of water safety andhydroecologicl safety. Based on study of typical hydroecological safety problems withtheories from different scientific areas, the paper concludes the necessity and feasibility ofhydroecological safety. The paper also discusses the importance of legal protection onhydroecologicl safety and the approaches of applying such legal protections in practice. Inaddition, combination of jurisprudence and the synergy theories are used in further analysis ofthis topic, which presents a better legal framework in both structure and contents forhydrological and ecological safety. Finally, the paper concludes the justifiability of the legalframework, through consideration of the three rules legal system.The main opinion and content of this paper are developed in following areas:1) Watersafety takes water as an environment, resource, and social factor. It is to ensure the water iswell unutilized and a sustainable supply for the human being. A well protected water safetycan guaranty equal share of water resource and is critical to social and political stability. Thehydroecological safety is to maintain a well balance hydroecological system. This can only beachieved through highly prioritized effort to maintain a good ambient ecosystem.2) Currently,severe water safety problems exist in every environment aspects such as water, wetland,vegetation, and biodiversity. Immediate actions are required for hydroecological safetyprotection.3) There is no legislation directly related to hydroecological safety in currentChinese legal system. Although some laws and regulations have partially covered thehydroecological safe issue, it is inadequate.4) Law plays an indispensable role inhydroecological safety protection with its key functions of confirmation, protection, coordination, and presupposition. Integrating ideas from different scientific area will create acomprehensive solution to accomplish the hydroecological safety protection challenge.5) Thepaper constructs the legal framework of hydroecological safety from the two aspects of formand content. It builds the legal system from water system extends to the surroundingecological system and construct three module system of hydroecological safety demonstration,water ecological environment evaluation, integrated using of the river water and undergroundwater and air water.6) Taken the hydroecological safety assessment system, rules of waterecological environment evaluation system and underground water safety management systemas an example, the paper can prove the reasonable of legal framework.This paper is focused on hydroecological safety first time from legal point of view. Thepaper discussed four major topics from an innovative view point. Firstly, the concepts ofhydroecological safety have been extended with new definitions and explanations. Theextension makes this research area clearly defined. Secondly, the paper established animportant understanding for hydroecological safety protection and gave a detailed scientificstudy. Through detailed discussion, it promotes public awareness on this issue. With this newtheory and comprehensive research under this theory, the paper provides a new approach insolving current water safety related issues. The second is a depth analysis of hydroecologicalsafety problem. It can cause the social attention and in order to solve the problem in a newway. Thirdly, the paper form the new theory of resolve the problem, using multidisciplinaryanalysis on water issues. it is not only to clarify the basic scope in hydroecological safety andmake the guarantee of hydroecological safety, Lastly, Based on studies from ecology,hydrology, sociology, management, and other scientific areas, the paper developed a legalstructure and contents for hydroecological safety legal protection.更多还原