【作者】 赵阵；

【导师】 朱亚宗；

【作者基本信息】 国防科学技术大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 从20世纪末期尤其是海湾战争以来，战争呈现出了与以往大不相同的表现形式，有人把这种改变称之为新军事变革。这场变革由军事技术变革引发推动，进而导致了军事思想、军事理论、作战方式、体制编制等领域的一系列变革。虽然人们关于技术因素尤其是信息技术引起全面军事变革已经达成共识，但新军事变革纷繁复杂的表象掩盖了问题的本质，其具体逻辑机理和实现过程有待深入剖析。技术哲学的兴起源于对技术广泛应用产生一系列后果的哲学反思，根据技术科学化、系统化的特点，当代技术哲学强调要结合具体过程思考研究技术，也就是通常所说的“经验转向”。技术哲学经验转向的思路为研究军事技术变革提供了方法借鉴。研究信息时代军事技术变革对作战方式的影响实质上是分析技术因素对于军事领域尤其是战争产生影响的微观进路和具体实现。作战方式是军事力量在一定作战空间的运用表现形式，包括作战空间、军事力量和军事力量运用方式三个方面的要素，军事技术变革正是通过改变这些要素进而影响作战方式。信息时代军事技术变革的主要表现形式是信息化变革，信息和信息技术并没有改变军事力量实体内容。从军事力量的角度而言，作战方式实现了传承发展。信息化变革深刻影响了军队指挥控制，改变了军事力量运用方式，强化了传统作战方式。信息化变革形成了人工信息空间，围绕制信息权的争夺衍生出了信息作战方式。恩格斯在考察了火器发展历程之后，做出了技术进步与应用必定改变作战方式的论断。军事技术变革是作战方式演变的根本动力，不同形态的军事技术决定不同的作战方式，比如冷兵器对应肉搏作战，火器对应火力作战，机械化装备对应机动作战等，而随着主导军事技术的更替，这些主要作战方式实现了累加传承。在变革时，新军事技术往往应用于已有的作战方式，在这个过程中，从已有作战方式过渡到新的作战方式实现了衔接传承。信息化变革以机械化为基础，火力作战、机动作战等得到传承。信息时代军事技术变革深刻影响了军队获取、传输、处理和使用信息的方法和模式，主要表现为战场信息实时感知传输，决策指令快速制定实施，武器装备实现自动指控等。指挥控制信息化强化了传统作战方式，联合作战方式成为主要作战方式，火力作战实现了远程精确打击，机动作战呈现出非接触、非线式特点。这些传统作战方式出现了作战层次淡化、作战力量融合和作战节奏紧凑等特点。信息时代军事技术变革催生了信息空间，而对制信息权的争夺衍生出信息作战方式。主要表现为电子战、计算机网络战和心理战。信息作战方式对传统的作战时空、作战对象、作战主体等方面的划分提出了挑战。信息作战方式的实施需要社会基础作为支撑，包括信息化产业、一体化科技和智能型人才等。信息时代军事技术变革强化了传统作战方式，催生了信息作战方式，这种变化突出了物质能量的基础地位和信息的主导作用；在现实作战方式中物质能量与信息必须有效融合，在作战思想指导下不断实现创新应用。作战方式发展需要军事理论牵引和战争实践推动。日益强大的功能提升了军事技术的地位，但却无法改变其作战工具的本质；在现代战争中科技与艺术都非常重要，需要在作战方式中实现有机统一。为应对信息时代军事技术变革对作战方式的影响，要建设指导军事实践的军事技术哲学，重新审视其研究取向，坚持把实践贯穿始终，实现从“体”到“体”、“用”兼顾转变。要面向需求发展国防科技，及时更新发展理念，用对抗、建构和系统的理念指导建设，坚持立足现有深化改造，突出瞄准前沿实现跨越发展。要加快转变战斗力生成模式，充分认清人和体制等因素对于战斗力生成的重要作用，深化作战力量建设和应用方面的体制改革，面向未来战争革新教育训练。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the end of20thcentury especially the Gulf War, the war is presentingdifferent features with previous, which has been called revolution in military affairs(RMA). The revolution is initiated and promoted by Military technologytransformation，and then is causing series changes in the area of military thought,military theory, modes of fight, system and establishment etc. The people have beenreached agreement about the technology especially information technology causing theRMA, but the complicated image covered the essence of the problem, and its concretelogic mechanism and realization process need deeply analysis.The technology philosophy has been rising because of the philosophical reflectionabout the effects of widely used technology, and the modern technology philosophyneed to study technology based on concrete process according to the scientific andsystematic characteristics of technology, which called empirical turn. The thoughts ofempirical turn of technology philosophy give the ways of studying military technologytransformation. The essence of studying the effects of military technologytransformation on the modes of fight in information age is to study the technologyeffects in micro approach and detail realization to military area especially wars.The modes of fight are application and forms of the military power in certainfighting space, which including fighting space, military power and the application ways,and they are changed by military technology affecting these factors. The main contentof military technology transformation is information reform, but the information andinformation technology don’t change the entity of military power. So according to themilitary power, the modes of fight develop with inheritance. The information revolutionchanges the using way of military power deeply by affecting army command andcontrol, which strengthen the traditional fighting modes. The information reformexpands out the artificial information space, to control the information space derivingthe modes of information operations.After examining the development of firearms, Engels made the statement that theimprovement and using of technology would change the modes of fight. The militarytechnology transformation is the basic power of the modes of fight evolution anddifferent form military technologies make different modes of fight, such as cold weaponcorresponding to melee combat, firearms corresponding to fire operations,mechanization equipment corresponding to mobile operations. During the alternation of leading military technology, the modes of fight are changing by interface inheritance.The information reform base on mechanization and inherit the modes of fight of fire andmobile.The military technology transformation affects ways and patterns of achieving,transforming, handling and using of information in information age. It mainly show asthe battlefield information obtained and transmitted by real time, the order and decisionrapidly made and implemented, the weapon charged automatically. The command andcontrol informatization makes the modes of fight to achieve strengthen innovation. Thejoint operations is becoming main modes, the fire operations realized of long-rangeprecision strike, the mobile operations having the characteristics of non contact and nonlinear. The traditional operation modes have the characteristics of operational leveldesalination, combat power of fusion and the rhythm of operation well-knit etc.The military technology transformation of information age expedites informationspace and the operations of obtaining information dominance derive the informationoperations. It mainly includes the electronic operations, the computer networkoperations and the psychological operations. The information operations modeschallenge the ways of division about the operation space, operation object and fighters.The information operations mode should base on social foundation which includesinformation industry, integration science and technology and intelligent humanresources.The military technology transformation strengthens traditional modes of fight andexpedites information operation in information age, which highlights the fundamentalstatus of material and energy, and the leading role of information. In reality, the materialand energy must be effectively integrated with information, and they are innovatedunder the guidance of operation ideas. The modes of fight development needs militarytheory traction and war practice drive. The increasingly powerful function is enhancingthe status of military technology, but it can not change the nature of operational tools.The science and technology and art are very important in modern war, all of themshould be in the modes of fight.To deal with the influence of military technology transformation in informationage on the modes of fight, we should study the military technology philosophy to guidethe military practice, review its research orientation, and adhere to practice throughout,and change from "body" to the "body" and "with". We should develop defense scienceand technology according with needs, update development idea, instruct theconstruction with concept of confrontation, construction and system. We should dependon the existing basis to deepen reform, develop spindly by aiming at the forefront. Weshould accelerate the transformation of the mode of generating combat, fully recognize the important role of human and institutional factors for generating combat, and deepenthe reform of construction and application of combat power, and reform the educationand training according to the future war.更多还原