【作者】 尹华广；

【导师】 程燎原；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 法学理论， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 梁漱溟新儒家法律思想是梁漱溟试图以返本开新的方式重新确立儒家法律思想价值取向的统治地位，解决近代中国社会秩序失范问题的法律思想。它是梁漱溟文化思想的重要组成部分，是其文化思想的产物。传统中国的法律与儒家文化是高度融合的。但到了近代，由于西方的入侵与中国自身的衰落，传统中国的法律与儒家文化发生断裂，中国走向了移植、模仿西方法律与西方文化的道路。但西方的法律与西方文化并不能在中国生根；更为重要的是，移植、模仿而来的西方法律与传统中国的儒家文化发生了根本性的背离。由此造成的后果是，中国出现秩序失范、法律无用状况。如何摆脱这种状况？梁漱溟认为必须以返本开新的方式构建新的法律秩序、新的文化思想，实现新的法律与新的文化的融合。这里新的法律即新儒家的法律，新文化即新儒家的文化。梁漱溟以返本开新的方式构建新儒家的法律秩序、新儒家的文化，实现新儒家法律与新儒家文化融合的思想主要体现在四个方面。其一，梁漱溟从宪政视角探讨解决近代以来中国秩序失范、法律无用的问题。他认为，宪政不建立在宪法之上，而建立在“势”与“理”之上。宪政是“势”与“理”的结合。而中国的宪政缺乏“势”与“理”，所以，中国宪政的出路在于培养“势”与“理”，应该从乡村建设运动中培养中国宪政的“势”与“理”。其二，梁漱溟从宏观政治制度视角探讨解决近代以来中国秩序失范、法律无用的问题。他认为，虽然中西之间的人治与法治、政教合一与政教分离、义务本位与权利本位存在根本对立，但并不是不能融合。因为，持第二路向文化的中国要向持第一路向文化的近代西方学习，而持第一路向文化的近代西方事实上也正在向着第二路向的文化转变，因而可以建立“人治的多数政治”制度或者说“多数政治的人治”制度。其三，梁漱溟从新礼俗视角探讨解决近代以来中国秩序失范、法律无用的问题。他认为中国社会秩序重构需要新礼俗，应“从中西精神具体的融合”、“从理性求组织”、“从乡村入手”来建设新礼俗。而法律是对新礼俗建设成果的确认。其四，梁漱溟从理想的视角探讨人类未来社会秩序的维持问题。他认为，纯道德因素的礼是人类未来社会秩序维持的必然选择，西方社会与中国社会最终都会走上这条道路。但中西方走上这条道路的方式不同：西方社会由法律走上只含道德内容的礼之路，中国社会由最初的含有法律内容的礼，走上最终的只含道德内容的礼之路。其原因在于近代西方要由“身”的文化走上“心”的文化，而传统中国要由文化早熟、理性早启的“心”的文化走上正常的“心”的文化。总之，梁漱溟新儒家法律思想的特点是“文化决定论”、“中体西用论”、“保守性”、“理想性”。梁漱溟新儒家法律思想的局限主要表现为“过于注重特殊性，忽视普遍性”，“‘融合’实际上是简单的‘拼合’”，“学术性不够”三方面。梁漱溟新儒家法律思想对中国法律发展与法学研究具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shuming Liang’s Neo-Confucian Legal Thought is a kind of legal thoughtthat he attempted to return to open new ways to re-establish the legal thinking ofConfucianism values, and to resolve the disorder of modern China. It is a part ofShuming Liang’s Neo-Confucian Culture, and the product of his Neo-ConfucianCulture.Traditional Chinese laws and culture are highly integrated. But in modern times,due to the invasion of the West with its own decline, the traditional Chinese legal andcultural rupture occurred, and China turn to the transplant, imitating Western legal andcultural. But the legal and cultural cannot be rooted in China. More important is afundamental departure from the transplantation and imitation of western and traditionalChinese legal culture occurred. Thus, China appears orderly anomie and legal uselesscondition. How to get out of this situation? Shuming Liang considered necessary tobuild a new legal order and a new cultural ideas in the way back to the New, to achieveintegration of new laws and a new culture. The new law is the Neo-Confucian law, andthe new culture is the Neo-Confucian culture. Shuming Liang Constructed aNeo-Confucian legal order, the Neo-Confucian culture in the way back to the New andimplemented new laws and new Confucianism Confucian cultural integration. Histhoughts are mainly embodied in these four areas.First, from a constitutional perspective Shuming discusses how to solve thedisorder and the problem of legal useless of modern China. He believes thatconstitutional government is not established in the constitution, while based on "Shi"and "Li". Constitutional government is the combination of "Shi" and "Li". Chineseconstitutional lack of "Shi" and "Li", Therefore, we cannot imitate the successfultransplantation of foreign constitutional, cannot build our own constitutional.Constitutionalism in China lies in the culture of constitutional government "Shi" and"Li", and the specific approach is the “Rural Reconstruction Movement”.Second, from the macro-political system perspective Shuming discusses how tosolve the disorder and the problem of legal useless of modern China. He believes thatalthough there is a fundamental antagonism between China and the West in terms of therule of man and the rule of law, theocracy and secularism and Obligations based andrights-based, they can be integrated. He believes that China would like to learn from the West,and the fact that the West itself in modern times also shift toward the direction oftraditional Chinese, Thus we can establish a " rule of man ’s most political " system.Third, from a new customs perspective Shuming discusses how to solve thedisorder and the problem of legal useless of modern China. He believes that Chinaneeds to reconstruct the social order with a new customs. We should build a newcustoms "from the Western spirit specific integration","seeking a rational organization"and " starting from the village ".Fourth, from the dream perspective Shuming discusses how to maintain the futureorder by customs. He believes that pure moral factors customs is an inevitable choicefor the future of mankind to maintain social order. Western society and Chinese societywill eventually go to this road. But China and the West on this path in different indifferent ways: Western society will go to customs from law, while Chinese societywill go to the last customs from the first customs. The reason is that the modern Westwill go to “heart" culture from “body" culture, while China will go to the normal“heart" culture from the abnormal "body" culture.In summary it can be seen: the feature of Shuming Liang’s Neo-Confucian LegalThought is “Cultural determinism”,”First China Second West”,“Conservative”and Ideality. The limitations of Shuming Liang’s Neo-Confucian Legal Thought is“too much emphasis on the special nature and neglect of universality”,"’ Fusion ’ isactually simple ’ split ’"and the existence of a logical contradiction. the significance ofShuming Liang’s Neo-Confucian Legal Thought is to Promote Chinese legal andLegal research development.更多还原