【作者】 周敬；

【导师】 张希黔；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 土木工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国经济的高速发展，国内兴建了大量大型建筑。这些大型建筑，既包括高度数百米的超高层建筑，也包括大跨度的会议中心、体育场馆等。在这些建筑由于其体量较大，在施工过程中的变形控制非常重要。国内对大型建筑的施工期变形研究已有所开展，但因为建筑结构形式多样化、监测手段不足等多方面原因，研究中仍存在大量问题需要解决。因此本文就大型建筑的施工过期变形进行研究，研究对象包括超高层建筑和大跨建筑；研究的主要方法是理论分析与现场实测同时开展。为了更好的跟踪结构施工期变形，本文引进了新的变形监测手段——测量机器人，并借此工具对钢结构建筑在施工期日照变形进行了研究。针对超高层建筑，本文研究了型钢劲性柱+混凝土核心筒结构的施工期竖向变形差；依托实际工程对结构竖向应变进行了实测，然后利用有限元程序按照施工周期模拟分析了结构竖向变形的大小及其与施工周期的规律，并与实测结果进行了对比。对于大跨结构，目前国内应用最多的是钢结构。而钢材本身由于其自身特点，在施工过程中变形与混凝土结构有所不同，其变形大小与施工方法密切相关。本文首先介绍了大跨钢结构建筑施工期变形值计算的一般有限方法和超级元法，推导了大跨度桁架结构超级元计算公式，然后介绍了大跨结构施工过程拆撑理论，然后通过无锡新区科技中心梅花型钢屋盖工程对两种方法进行了计算对比和实测，以重庆南川体育场工程为例模拟了大跨体育场罩棚拆撑施工过程。结构施工期变形表现为持续变化性，这就要求一种高精度、能够持续自动进行监测的设备。测量机器人是测量自动化的一个重大进步，适用于长期连续的监测，同时它具有较高的测量精度，是结构施工期变形监测的理想工具，并已经在大坝、地铁等工程的运营期变形监测有了研究与应用。本文利用测量机器人对民用建筑施工期变形进行监测的系列研究：分析了测量机器人单机和多机系统的测量精度与误差，针对测量机器人高程测量时大气折光导致的精度误差问题，提出一种基于改进型BP神经网络的折光系数修正方法，可以快速对测量中的大气折光系数进行修正，从而提高测量机器人高程监测精度。日照变形是大型建筑施工期间不可避免遇到的问题。本文以CCTV新台址工程为依托对此方面开展研究，研究分为两个方面。引用了日照下结构温度计算公式，该公式可以根据当地气象资料计算施工中建筑结构在一天内不同时间的温度变化。然后根据温度计算结果，利用有限元程序对CCTV新台址工程在日照温升的作用下结构变形进行了计算。二是利用测量机器人的自动学习与自动监测能力，对CCTV新台址工程进行了24小时周日监测，针对对测量数据中包含多重变形因素影响，提出一种改进阈值的提升小波算法并将监测得到的数据进行分解重构，剔除风力与施工荷载的影响，得到日照荷载影响下的变形数据，与前面进行的理论计算进行了对比，加深了对日照温升影响结构变形规律的了解。更多还原

【Abstract】 In China a number of large buildings is raising with the rapid economicdevelopment. These large buildings, including both several hundred meters of high-risebuildings and large span convention center, sports stadium have large body massand then the deformation controlling in the construction process is very important.Some researches on deformation controlling of the large building have been carried out,but for the reasons of structural forms, lack of monitoring tools and so on, there are stilla lot of problems to be solved. This paper works on large buildings deformation duringconstruction involved high-rise buildings and large span building; study’s principaltheoretical analysis is carried out simultaneously with the field test. In the study ofstructural deformation process,a new tools of deformation monitoring-measuringrobot is introduced and steel buildings during the construction sunshine deformationwere studied.For high-rise buildings, this paper studied SRC columns+concrete core tubestructure vertical deformation difference during construction period in ZhongshanInternational Financial Center project. Firstly the vertical deformation of SRCstructure is calculated by finite element simulation program following the constructioncycle to get the rules. Secondly the actual deformation was measured duringconstruction, and the results were compared with analysis.For large-span structures steel is widely applied. Due to its own characteristics, thesteel structure deformation is different from the concrete and the deformation is isclosely related to the construction methods. This paper focuses on summing up largespan steel structure construction of the general deformation calculation method. Theresult is applied in Wuxi New District Science and Technology Center plum steel roof.Deformation of structures during construction is constantly changing, whichrequires a high precision automatical devices to monitor. Measure Robot is asignificant advance for long-term continuous monitoring while it is of a higheraccuracy.It has been used in the dam, subway and other projects during their workcondition. This paper researches on how Measure Robot work for civil constructiondeformation monitoring. It carried analysis of single and multi-robot measurementsystem accuracy and error and proposed to solve the robot elevation measurementaccuracy error of refraction resulting difference and prediction method based on improved BP neural network and proposed the formation of a measurement-basedrobot automatic measurement system of automaticSunshine deformation is inevitable during large buildings construction. In thispaper, research has been carried out in two areas in CCTV new site project. Firstly itderived sunshine temperature field calculation formulas based on the construction ofmeteorological data structures within one day ’s temperature load and though thedeformation of CCTV new site was calculated by general finite element program.Secondly the deformation of CCTV new site was monitored by measure robot in24hours. The method to exclude the impact of wind and construction loads based onimproved threshold wavelet algorithm is proposed and the results from calculating andmonitoring are compared to learn more about sunshine influence.更多还原