【作者】 孙艺冰；

【导师】 张玉坤；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 都市农业（Urban Farming/Urban Agriculture）是存在于城市内部或靠近城市地区，以为居民提供优质、安全的农产品和优美和谐的生态环境为目地的区域性或局部性的农业种植。都市农业按照农业规模可以分为农园型、插花型、以及垂直种植三种类型，功能包括生产、生态平衡、城市景观、社会经济、文化教育、以及休闲娱乐等等。对于我国来说，都市农业的发展能够融入我国小规模农业和双轨经济制度的社会背景，帮助我国保障粮食安全、节约耕地、缓解社会矛盾。本文主要内容包括：（1）总体研究：第一、归纳总结“都市农业”的研究过程，理清基本概念和研究线索，按照时间顺序将都市农业研究划分为：十八至二十世纪初期；二十世纪初至二十世纪中期；二十世纪五、六十年代；二十世纪七十年代、以及二十世纪八十年代至今，共计五个发展阶段，总结各个阶段的历史背景和研究特点。第二、按照都市农业的主要应用目的，将其在世界各国的实践发展划分为：应用都市农业缓解政治经济危机、补充耕地、应对食品短缺、以及创造生态效益四种类型，进行分类探讨。（2）提出问题：通过前文都市农业的总体研究，总结阻碍都市农业在现存城市中发展的主要问题，包括劳动力、土地、灌溉用水来源及可获取性问题，污染处理问题，以及发展策略欠缺问题等等。（3）分析并解决问题：从三个方面对都市农业发展的现存问题进行验证、分析和解决。第一，从应用技术及发展策略两方面为都市农业在既有城市中的发展提供解决办法。其中应用技术研究包括城市生态循环系统、土壤处理、水处理、废物处理等生态技术；发展策略包括发展政策制定及执行办法、促进及规范策略。第二，对代表性案例的实地调查研究：即以美国纽约市为例，调查都市农业在城市中的作用及发展潜力。调查中实地走访了纽约近1000个都市农园，取得纽约市现存农园的位置、规模、产量、以及发展模式等第一手资料并进行统计分析。同时根据官方文件，总结纽约市都市农业发展的政治经济现状及未来发展潜力，深入调查纽约市区城市空地、教育用地、政府公共用地、地面停车用地、道路绿化用地、私人公共用地、私人房前屋后庭院用地、以及屋顶用地等一切闲置土地作为都市农业发展空间的可行性，分析纽约市的都市农业劳动力及灌溉用水来源，探讨现存城市政策，最终提出促进都市农业在纽约市发展的具体建议。第三，通过对都市农业先进案例的分析探讨，提出都市农业未来发展的前景展望：对发达国家在城市设计、居住区规划、以及建筑设计中的应用实例及概念性方案进行分类研究，在证实问题存在的同时，直观的展现未来都市农业的发展趋势。提出都市农业未来发展的前提条件、所需的支持、以及具体发展策略，并对全文观点进行总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban agriculture is defined as a kind of local agricultural cultivation, located inurban and peri-urban areas. It provides high quality, safe agricultural products and jobopportunities, gives new concept to urban landscape, and offers a new way to protect theenvironment. Urban agriculture can be divided into three types by size: urban farmland,small-scale urban farming, and vertical farming. The development of rban agriculture couldfit perfectly into China‘s reality. With the growing population, cropland loss and changingdiet, China is losing the capacity to feed itself and heading towards bringing the whole worldan inevitable food disaster. In order to ensure domestic food security, China should releaseland productivity in the city. With the country‘s current political policy, two-track economicsystem, and small-scall agriculture tradition, urban agriculture is a perfect way to save Chinafrom the coming crisis.This dissertation is the first research of urban agriculture potential in urban renovation,the main contents include:(1) Overall research: summarize the research and development ofurban agriculture, clarifying the basic concepts. According to the research timeline anddevelopment characteristics, urban agriculture research and development process could bedivided into five stages, every stage has its own background, characteristics, and influencialtheorie.(2) Development Difficulties: Conclude the difficulties of urban agriculture inexisting cities, including source of labor, irrigation water, and arable land; technicaldifficulties; and lack of strategies.(3) Difficulties Analysis and solutions: firstly, put forwardthe technology and Strategy solutions. Explore the problems and solutions of urbanagriculture development in existing cities, including urban soil pollution possibilities andremediation approaches, the collection and processing of agricultural irrigation watertechnology; and then, proposes the general approaches of promoting urban agriculturedevelopment in urban renovation, including the prerequisite for the development of urbanagriculture, the required support policy (management and urban planning polies) for thedevelopment of urban agriculture in existing cities, the implementation of the policy,economic incentives, and the use of current technologies. Secondly, use case study to analyzethe difficulties in real world. Take New York City as an example, investigate the role anddevelopment potential of urban agriculture in existing cities. In the cooperation withColumbia University, we accomplished the field survey of nearly1,000city farms in New York, obtained first-hand information of the locations and production of existing farms inNew York City. Based on official documents, this dissertation summarizes the current statusof political and economical development of urban agriculture in New York City. Through theinvestigation of the New York metropolitan area, which includes all the open space,education land, government’s public land, surface parking places, green space, private-publiclands, the private courtyard lands, as well as the roof space, ultimately put forward concreteproposals to promote the development of urban agriculture in New York and the potential forthe future development. Thirdly, discusses the last two decades of urban agriculturedevelopment in the field of urban design, residential areas, and architecture, to explore thedevelopment trend of urban agriculture and give conclusions of this dissertation.更多还原