【作者】 王峤；

【导师】 曾坚；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 随着城市化的不断推进，城市建设发展迅速，城市尤其是城市中心区逐渐形成高密度的状态。城市发展中产生的人口膨胀、资源枯竭、环境恶化等问题，以及城市建设与人口、用地之间的矛盾在高密度的城市中心区环境下更突出地表现出来。城市中心区比城市其他区域面临更多的环境、气候、生态问题，自身系统具有较强的脆弱性，一旦发生灾害极易引起灾害扩大和蔓延，造成重大的人员伤亡、巨大的经济损失和社会影响。高密度城市中心区各类要素高度密集、多种要素复杂相互作用等特征，又使其在避难布局、疏散组织等方面受到极大限制。因此，高密度城市中心区防灾是城市防灾领域中亟待解决的重点和难点研究问题。本文以高密度城市中心区为研究对象，通过定量和定性相结合的方法，总结出高密度城市中心区灾害特征。以综合防灾、平灾结合和适灾城市的原则，建构了高密度城市中心区防灾体系，提出了该体系下的四个基本理念，即常态防灾与应急反应相结合的全程化防灾理念、空中-地面-地下空间相结合的立体化防灾理念、城市空间与建筑空间相结合的一体化防灾理念和工程与非工程措施相结合的多形式防灾理念，并在此基础上提出了高密度城市中心区的防灾策略：首先，本文从用地布局、道路交通、开放空间、基础设施以及建筑空间环境方面提出了常态防灾规划策略。其次，在应急防灾方面，针对高密度城市中心区具有的立体化和一体化特征，提出高密度城市中心区的防灾应在垂直方向上将其空中、地面、地下不同标高层相互联系，同时在水平方向上将建筑空间与城市空间统一考虑。本文将应急防灾根据灾害发生时序分为灾害发生初期和中后期两部分，对灾害发生初期提出降低致灾隐患、掌握灾害动态、消除或减少灾害直接影响、有效减弱或消除灾害、防止灾害扩大和蔓延，及人员安全疏散等防灾策略；针对灾害发生中后期，构建了高密度城市中心区空中、地面、地下空间相结合的应急避难系统。另外，本文探索了数字技术、智慧技术等前沿科技与防灾规划的结合，并论述了社会防灾系统在城市防灾系统中的重要作用及相应策略。文章最后以天津市小白楼城市主中心为例，对其进行了潜在风险评价，并提出相应的常态防灾和应急防灾系统规划。另外，本文进行了手机平台的高密度城市中心区防灾APP初步设计，用于指导人员有效完成防灾准备和应急避难活动。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of urbanization and urban construction, the high-densitystate of city center gradually formed. The issues like population expansion, resourcedepletion, and environment degradation, especially the contradiction among urbanconstruction, population and land displayed prominently in the high-density area ofcity center.The problem of environment, climate, ecological in city center is moreserious than in the other area of city. With its strong fragility, the disaster in city centeris easy to cause expanding and spreading, and lead to significant casualties, hugeeconomic losses, and social influence.And the characteristics of personnel-intensive,elements-concentrated, complex interaction make the refuge layout and evacuationorganization in it greatly limited.Therefore, disaster prevention in high density centerarea is the considerable and thorny research issue of the urgently urban disasterprevention problem.Through the combination of quantitative and qualitative method, the papersummarized the disaster feature of high-density area in city center. With the principleof comprehensive disaster prevention, combination of peacetime and disaster,andresilient city, it put forward four concepts of the system: the combination ofnormal disaster prevention and emergency response, the combination ofair-ground-underground disaster-prevention space, the combination of urban space and buildinginternal space, and the combination of engineering and non-engineering measures.Further more, it put forward planning strategy correspondingly.First, it established the normal disaster prevention system from macro, meso andmicro levels, and put forward the normal planning strategy from the aspects of landlayout, transport, open space, building space environment, and infrastructure. Then interms of emergency response, according to the featuresof three-dimension andintegration in the high-density central area, this paper put forward its disasterprevention system should connect air, ground and underground level in verticaldirection and also unite the building space and urban space in horizontal direction.Thepaper divided the emergency disaster-prevent system into early and later period. In theearly part, it proposed the strategy of reduce hazards, monitor the state of disasters,eliminate or reduce direct effects, weaken or eliminate hazards, prevent disaster expand and spread, and the strategy ofsafety evacuation.In the later period, the paperconstructed the emergency refuge system with the combination of air, ground andunderground space in high-density city center. In addition, the paper explored theintegration ofcutting-edge technology(digital technology, intelligence technology, etc)and disaster prevention planning, and discussed the important role of social disasterprevention system and its corresponding strategy.Finaly, takingTianjin Xiaobailou main city center as the case, the paper predictedits potential disaster risk and drew its potential risk evaluation map. Then the paperput forward the norm strategy of disaster prevention and made its emergency disasterprevention system planning. More over, aimed at the characteristics of highly mobilein high-density city center, the paper designed its disaster prevention APP based onmobile phone platform, in order to guide people to make disaster-preparedness andemergency refuge activities effectively.更多还原