【作者】 李超；

【导师】 周雪松；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 电力系统及其自动化， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 随着经济发展而产生的日益恶化的环境问题，可再生能源的开发和利用已迫在眉睫。风能作为可再生能源中技术最成熟的利用方式而快速发展，但风电场本身具有随机性和间歇性特点，并网运行会对系统电压稳定性产生一定的影响，另外风电接入地区一般为电网结构薄弱地区，无功不足可能影响电网的电压稳定，甚至造成电压崩溃。静止同步补偿器（STATCOM）可以动态的向电网注入感性或容性无功功率，快速的抑制电压扰动，非常适合风电场的无功补偿，但是，风电场中的STATCOM在控制策略、主电路调制技术以及安装地点和容量优化问题有待进一步深入研究。由于STATCOM的核心部分——逆变器具有强耦合的特点，使得其难以快速、准确的抑制风电场电压波动。本文使用线性自抗扰技术（LADRC）实现了逆变器d、q轴电流解耦的自抗扰控制。该方法比传统PI控制具有更好地快速性和鲁棒性，同时使用了参数化方法整定控制参数，简化了控制系统，更便于工程实践应用。根据含风电微网系统本身特点，从理论上分析了其与普通风电系统的不同，指出电压波动更易于受有功功率波动的影响，设计了新型基于STATCOM/SMES系统的控制策略。在LADRC解耦控制的基础上使用了指数平均数指标（EXPMA）产生有功功率指令信号，稳定了含风电微网系统的电压稳定性。针对STATCOM作为电力电子器件会产生谐波的问题，使用Chebyshev和无限折叠混沌序列形成了一种新的混合混沌序列随机信号。在此基础上，提出了一种基于混沌序列的随机开关频率（RFPWM）调制策略，提高了运行性能，降低了谐波含量，同时减少了电磁噪声。考虑经济性问题，提出了一种基于粒子群算法（PSO）和连续潮流（CPF）的STATCOM安装地点和容量的无功优化算法。在考虑多个STATCOM的投资效益的同时，提出了以各节点的负荷参数、容量、电压等级等作为参考指标的目标函数。此方法在保证系统电压稳定性的前提下，可以减少对于无功补偿设备的投资，而且对于系统的其它指标也有一定的提升。本论文以上工作对于风电并网电压稳定性控制、补偿设备调制技术的发展、多补偿设备无功优化，以及风力发电大规模的健康发展，均具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development and utilization of renewable energy become imminent whenthe environment of China deteriorates gradually along with the development ofnational economy. Wind energy is rapidly expanding as one of the most maturetechnology in the renewable energy field. Because of the characteristic of randomnessand intermittence, wind farm will influence the voltage stability of the power systemwhen it is connected to the power system extensively. Wind farm is generallyconnected to the power system at the weak point. Therefore, the insufficient reactivepower may affect the voltage stability of power grid, even cause the voltage tocollapse. Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) can dynamically add theinductive or capacitive reactive power to the grid, which will rapidly suppress thevoltage disturbance. So, it is very suitable for the wind farm reactive powercompensation. However, the problems about the control strategy, the main circuitmodulation technology, the location and the capacity optimization of STATCOM inwind power system need further in-depth study.The traditional control strategy is difficult to quickly and accurately suppressthe wind farm voltage fluctuation due to the strong coupling of inverter, the core ofSTATCOM. The linear automatic rejection control (LADRC) is applied to the currentdecoupling of d、q axis of the inverter in the paper. The method has the better rapidityand robustness than the PI control does and the parameterized method is used todetermine the parameters for the controller, which can simplified the control systemand convenient for the practical engineering application.According to the characteristics of the micro grid system including wind power,the different points with ordinary wind power system are analyzed theoretically. Thepaper points out that the voltage fluctuation is easily affected by the active powerfluctuation in this power system. A new control strategy based on STATCOM/SMESsystem is designed. The EXPMA is used to produce the active power commandsignals and improve the voltage stability of wind power system on the basis ofLADRC decoupling control.In order to solve the harmonics generated by the power electronic devices, anew chaos sequence based on Chebyshev chaotic sequence and infinite chaoticsequence is built. On the basis of this new method, a new RFPWM modulation strategy is proposed to improve running performance and reduce the harmonic contentand electromagnetic noise.In the study of three problems above, an optimization method of location andcapacity of STATCOM based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and continuouspower flow (CPF) is designed for the economic problems. Considering the multipleSTATCOM investment, a new objective function is proposed which takes the nodeload parameters, the capacity, and the voltage level as the indexes. The results provethat the method can reduce the investment and improve other indicators of the system.For the voltage stability control of wind power system, the development of thecompensation equipment modulation technology, the optimization of multiple reactivepower compensation equipments, as well as the development of wind power, theresearch have theoretical significance and practical value.更多还原