节点文献
沿海化工园区工业防灾规划技术方法探析
Analysis about Technology and Methods of Industrial Disasters’Prevention Planning in Coastal Chemical Industry Zone
【作者】 靳瑞峰；
【导师】 曾坚；
【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2013， 博士
【摘要】 沿海化工园区经济作用显著，地理位置特殊，深受以风暴潮为主的海洋灾害与以有毒易燃物泄漏和燃爆灾害为代表的工业灾害的双重威胁，进而严重影响到沿海城市的社会稳定和公共安全，沿海化工园区综合防灾规划的完善迫在眉睫。笔者在查阅大量相关文献和实地调研的基础上，利用“3S”数字信息技术和数学模型方法，进行了沿海化工园区工业防灾规划的相关探索分析。本文构建了以工业灾害为核心的沿海化工园区灾害链，在明确各灾害链环的致灾方式和防御对策的基础上，提出沿海化工园区灾源断链减灾的综合防灾规划策略，实行层层断链、步步减灾从而争取将灾害消灭在萌芽状态，或通过一系列及时的工程和非工程措施减少灾害负能量在灾害链环上的传递。本文以灾源监测预警、区域风险评估和应急疏散救援等方法为核心，构建了沿海化工园区工业防灾规划系统。系统对工业灾源实时监测并对异常状态自动报警，结合园区的基础地理信息及应急资源信息，对潜在灾害进行灾源等级和灾害范围评估，在此基础上优化工业灾源布局并划分沿海化工园区防灾功能分区，以指导园区物质空间规划和应急疏散救援方案的制定。本文采用问卷调查法对沿海化工园区发生工业灾害企业的人员心理行为进行现场调查、数理统计和软件分析，得出灾发时受灾人员的心理反应、行为模式和对疏散路线的选择情况。基于此并结合对沿海化工园区现有疏散通道和避难场所的防灾问题分析，提出区域内防灾空间的优化设计方法。最后以天津南港工业区一期规划为例，分析防灾空间优化设计方法在消防专项规划中的应用。
【Abstract】 Coastal chemical industry zone takes the remarkable economic effect and thespecial geographical position, thus it faces high risk of industrial disaster as well as besubject to the influence of chain disaster resulted from natural calamities, whichseverely affect coastal cities’ social stability and public safet. Therefore theimprovement of the comprehensive disaster prevention plan in coastal chemicalindustry zone is imminent. The author has carried on the related exploration andanalysis of industrial disasters prevention plan in coastal chemical industry zone,which is based on consulting a large number of relevant literature and field research,by using "3s" digital information technology and mathematics model method.This paper constructs the disaster chain of coastal chemical industry zone whichtakes the industrial disaster as the core, as well as put forward the disasters sourcechain scission and mitigation strategy of comprehensive disaster prevention plan incoastal chemical industry zone, on the basis of the clear disasters-inducing factors andcountermeasures of various disasters chains and links. We should practice the insidechain scission and the disaster reduction step by step so as to strive for the disaster inthe bud, or through a series of engineering and non-engineering measures to reducedisaster in time and the transmission of negative energy on the disasters chain.This paper constructs a industrial disasters prevention planning system of coastalchemical industry zone, based on the core of disasters source monitoring and earlywarning, regional risk assessment and emergency evacuation and rescue method. Thesystem has a practice of real-time monitoring for industrial disaster source andautomatic alarming of the abnormal state, combined with the basic geographicinformation and emergency resource information of coastal chemical industry zone,and making evaluation of the source level and scope of the potential disasters. On thebase of which making layout optimization of industrial disaster source and division ofdisaster-prevention function partition of coastal chemical industry zone, in order toguide the campus physical space planning and establishment of emergency evacuationand rescue plan.This paper makes a questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics and softwareanalysis of the on-site investigation of psychological behavior of industrial disasterenterprise personnel in coastal chemical industry zone, concluded with victims of a disaster psychological reaction, behavior patterns and evacuation route choice. On thebase of which the author puts forward the optimization design method for disasterprevention space of coastal chemical industry zone in area, combined with theanalysis of disaster prevention problem about existing evacuation passageway andshelter. Finally, taking Tianjin Nangang Industrial Zone issue planning for an example,the author makes a analysis of optimization design method for disaster preventionspace in the application of fire special planning.