【作者】 刘建军；

【导师】 张玉坤；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 明长城作为珍贵的世界文化遗产，是军事管理层面的九边重镇与层级组织结构和物质实体层面的各级防御聚落与工程设施，是具有严密的层次性、整体性、系统性的军事防御体系。以往关于甘肃镇的研究主要集中在文物调查和历史地理等学科方面，多关注某一地区、某一类型的防御设施的研究，缺乏对甘肃镇防御体系整体性和多学科的综合研究。本文以明长城甘肃镇防御体系为研究对象，从建筑学的角度，并结合考古学、历史学、社会学等理论，通过文献查阅和实地调研，首先在梳理明“九边”军事制度发展演变的基础上，研究了甘肃镇的建置沿革、军事地位、镇城演变、防守范围等问题；其次，运用系统论中“整体性、层次性、结构功能性、环境相关性”的思想观点，对甘肃镇防御体系的外部环境、构成要素、聚落层级及整体结构进行逐一分析；再次，通过聚落考古学中的空间分析方法和GIS工具，对于甘肃镇防御体系中的长城本体、军事聚落、烽传系统、驿传（交通）系统的外部环境进行研究；最后引入可达域概念，并利用各种不同表现形式、特征及作用的可达域，分别对甘肃镇防御体系构成要素之中的军事聚落、驿站、烽燧、敌台的空间分布进行分析。论文的创新之处主要体现在以下几点：厘清明长城甘肃镇防御体系历史发展脉络；首次从整体角度对明西宁卫长城及军事聚落进行研究；通过绘制军堡空间分布图，揭示甘肃镇军事聚落整体结构特征；提出长城防御体系空间分析的新方法——可达域分析，为长城研究提供一种新的方法与视角。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important cultural heritage of the world, the Great Wall of Ming Dynastyis the defense system with multiple significance. On the level of militaryadministration, it is a hierarchical structure covering nine important defense areas; onthe level of material substance, it is a military fortress and engineering facility of alldefense levels. Besides, it is perceived as a military defense system with intricateintegrity. Previous studies on Gansu-Town mainly concentrated on heritage surveysand historical geography and other disciplines. And these studies mainly focus on acertain area, a certain type of defense facilities. Moreover, it is lacking on thecomprehensive study of Gansu-Town defense system.From the perspective of architecture, the paper has incorporated with the theoryof archeology, history, sociology, etc., and studied the Gansu-Town defense system ofMing Great Wall. Firstly, through the historical literature and field investigation, thepaper studied the build history, military status, town evolution, defensive range andother issues of Gansu-Town based on the evolution of nine military system of Mingdynasty. Secondly, based on the system theory of “integrity, hierarchy, structure andfunction, environmental correlation”, the paper analyzed the external environment,internal factors, fortress hierarchy and the integral structure of Gansu-Town defensesystem. Thirdly, with the help of the spatial analysis method of fortress archeologyand GIS, the paper studied the external environment of the Great Wall structure,military fortress, Beacon transmission system and post (traffic) system ofGansu-Town defense system. Fianly, the paper presented reachable domainperspective. With the conception, different realizations, characteristics and function ofreachable domain, the paper analyzed the spatial distribution of military fortress,courier station, beacon tower and watch tower in the Great Wall of Ming dynasty.The innovation of the paper mainly includes the following four points:1. Thepaper clarified historical development of the defense system of the Great wall ofGansu-Town;2. The paper for the first time studied the Great Wall of Xining Wei (i.e.the Great Wall of Qinghai) and military fortress of Ming dynasty from overallperspective;3. By drawing the spatial distribution map of military fortress, the papersuccessfully depicted the integral structural characteristics of the military fortress in Gansu-Town.4. The paper presented a new method on spatial analysis of the GreatWall defense system——reachable domain analysis and a practical researchapproach and perspective for the study of the Great Wall.更多还原