【作者】 徐姗；

【导师】 刘晓明； 张玉钧；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 当前北京城乡发展二元化格局依旧存在，且传统农业已不能满足社会各方面发展的需求。为促进北京城乡一体化建设和传统农业转型化发展，观光农业因其在生产、生活、生态方面的多功能价值成为北京现代都市型农业发展的主要形式，并带动了乡村经济发展，为城市居民提供了生态安全保障及观光休憩的场所。本文对北京观光农业园区规划进行研究，按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的结构展开。北京观光农业是全国观光农业的先行者，近年来在规划制定、方向引导、宣传营销等方面取得了突出成绩，由此推动观光农业园区迅速发展。但当前建设仍存在一些问题，基于农业的“生产、生活、生态”功能，通过实地调研、专家访谈、文献研究等方法，在一定的理论指导下，从宏观、中观、微观三个层面，对150个样本园区从“园区分布与农业资源格局的关系、园区内外生态网络体系的结构、园区内景观风貌的营造、园区内基础设施的建设、园区内体验活动的开发”五个方面进行现状评估。结果显示：园区建设存在园区分布与农业相关规划尚未耦合、园区内外生态网络体系尚未建立、园区内景观风貌营造尚且薄弱、园区内基础设施建设尚且缺失、园区内体验活动开发尚且低级五大问题。继而提出应对策略并吸取北京观光农业园区建设成功的经验，基于政策保障、规划引导及农民自主建设提出系列保障性措施。应对策略包括：（1）在宏观层面形成推动“城市-乡村-园区生态”三位一体化发展的生态网络规划。即通过对生态网络在核心保护区、自然复育区、缓冲区、生态廊道、生态跳岛五个方面内容的研究，建立园区生态景观建设技术导则、乡村生态网络和城乡生态网络。（2）在中观层面形成带动乡村农业特色化发展的园区产业规划。即整合北京市域农业资源，在“一区一色”、“一村一品”的农业规划要求下，研究各区县观光农业布局结构，形成基于区县特色农业和道路、水系的“四沟六带九楔多点”式园区产业布局结构。（3）在微观层面形成促进北京观光农业园区持续、和谐发展的园区景观资源分类评价、规划设计模式和活动开发模式。即通过古代文学作品、北京乡村居住者、北京旅游观光者三种乡村景观意象媒介，提取北京乡村景观特征。结合旅游及农业资源分类标准，形成园区景观资源分类评价体系。依据体系和风景园林规划设计的一般程序，对样本园区规划建设现状进行研究，总结规划内容及发展策略，形成园区规划设计导则。同样，依据体系，研究园区活动开发类型，从“主题口号、活动内容、分类组合、宣传营销”四个方面入手，建立园区活动开发模式。规划导则的实施为活动开发提供了场地和可能，同时多样化的活动开发也推动了规划建设对园区景观资源的合理利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban-rural dualization structure currently still exists while traditional agriculture already could not satisfy all social development demand. In order to improve the urban-rural integration and traditional agriculture transition development, tourism agriculture has already become the main pattern of modern urban agriculture development in Beijing due to its multi-function value as production, living and ecology. In the meanwhile, the tourism agriculture improves the rural economy development and supplies sites for ecology safety protection and tourism entertainment.This paper studies on Beijing tourism agriculture plan and structures as problem statement, problem analysis and problem solving. Beijing tourism agriculture is the forerunner nationwide and makes great achievement in planning set, direction inducement, propaganda and marketing to improve the rapid development of tourism agriculture parks. Some problems still exist in prevalent construction. Based on "production, living and ecology" function of agriculture, through on-site survey and paper research method, from macroscopic to microscopic, makes on-site evaluation on150samples in five parts as relation with park distribution and agriculture resource layout, ecology network system structure both in and out of park, landscape form in park, infrastructure construction in park together with experiencing activities development in park. The result shows park distribution and related agriculture planning could not be mixed probably, lack of ecology network system both in and out of park, landscape still weak and infrastructure lack in park, experience activity development still in low-level.The paper suggests related strategies in three dimensions:(1)In macroscopic perspective, improve "urban-rural-park ecology" cooperation ecology network planning by research on ecology network in core protection zone, natural recovery zone, buffering zone, ecology corridor and ecology hopping island, make technical guide forpark ecology landscape construction, rural ecology network and urban-rural ecology network.(2)In middle perspective, establish park industry planning that influenced rural agriculture characteristic development by cooperation Beijing rural resource citywide, based on "different color in every district" and "different production in every rural" agriculture planning demand, research the tourism agriculture layout structure in different districts and counties to form "four drains, six zones, nine wedges and multi-points" park industry layout structure based on characteristics agriculture, road and water in different districts and counties.(3)In microscopic perspective, improve the sustainable and harmony development of park landscape resource distribution assessment, planning and designing pattern together with activity development mode in Beijing tourism agriculture parks. The strategy sets ancient literary works, Beijing rural citizens and Beijing tourists as rural landscape image mediums to exclude the traditional rural landscape characters in Beijing. Cooperation tourism and agriculture distribution standard is needed to form assessment structure of park landscape resource distribution. According to structure and normal procedures of landscape planning and design, the paper studies on the prevalent planning and design of park samples and conclude the planning development strategies to form park planning and design guidelines. In the meanwhile, according to the structure, the paper studies the activity type in "topic slogan, activity content, sort merging, propaganda and marketing" to construct park activity development mode. The realization of planning guidelines supplies sites and more possibilities for activity development while diverse activity development improves the using efficiency on park landscape resource by planning.更多还原