【作者】 徐向前；

【导师】 焦生杰；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 目前游梁式抽油机是我国的主要采油设备，在油田的生产中占有重要地位，但是一直存在效率低、能耗大等问题。为解决以上问题，论文以游梁式抽油机采油系统为研究对象，以提高系统效率，节能为目标，对抽油机的四连杆机构、电动机、负载特性以及抽油机优化运行，进行节能降耗研究。论文主要内容如下：1游梁式抽油机采油系统矢量控制节能方法研究。该部分内容在分析现有节能型抽油机、电动机以及控制器的节能机理的基础上，提出了矢量控制节能方法，首次将游梁式抽油机采油系统的节能分为周期内节能和多周期运行节能。基于电动机矢量控制技术，使电动机适应抽油机悬点载荷的变化，实现周期内节能。以油井供排平衡为基础，依据抽油机电动机运行参数，判定油井供液能力，对抽汲参数进行优化，实现多周期运行节能。矢量控制节能方法为采油系统建模和优化运行奠定了基础。2游梁式抽油机采油系统矢量控制模型构建。运用矢量法对抽油机悬点载荷进行求解。按照异步电动机转子磁场定向的矢量控制方法，建立了游梁式抽油机电动机模型。以抽油机电动机输出轴为等效构件，将由皮带轮、减速箱、四连杆以及悬点载荷产生的等效力矩和惯性力矩作用其上，建立了地面等效力学模型。根据抽油杆柱悬挂的弹性和纵向振动力学方程，建立了抽油杆柱预测模型。利用抽油机采油系统的地面等效力学模型和抽油杆柱的预测模型，进行了系统动态分析研究。3游梁式抽油机采油系统供排平衡优化运行研究。分析现有优化方法，提出了基于矢量控制的优化运行方法。根据电动机转矩电流与抽油机供排平衡的关系，建立了8种油井工况下电动机转矩与API标准的示功图对应关系。建立了以系统效率最优为目标的游梁式抽油机供排平衡优化运行模型，实现了系统多周期运行节能。4用支持向量机预测油井产液量方法对抽油机供排平衡优化模型进行了改进，并利用网格搜索寻优和粒子群寻优法对支持向量机的参数C、g进行了寻优。优化模型的改进减少了油井预测产液量的误差，增加了模型的准确性。5对论文中建立的模型进行了仿真和试验。系统有功功率仿真与实测电能曲线中的有功功率比较，验证了游梁式抽油机采油系统模型的正确性。优化模型仿真验证了周期内节能和多周期运行节能。给定冲次的节能试验和优化运行试验表明：节能效果明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the beam puming unit is the main oil extraction equipment in China,and occupies an important position in the oil production, but the problems such as lowefficiency, high energy consumption and other issues are in existence. In order toimprove the efficiency of the system and save energy, taking the beam pumping unitsystem as the research object, saving energy and reducing consumption are studied bythe analysis of the movement of four bar linkage, motor, oil puming unit and thechanges of electrical parameters of pumping unit caused by downhole conditions. Themain contents are as follows:1This paper offers an energy-saving method for beam pumping unit oilproducing system based on vector control, on the basis of analysis about the energysaving pumping units, the energy-saving motors and energy saving controllers. Thismethod presents firstly that the energy-saving of beam pumping unit oil producingsystem divides into a cycle of energy-saving and multi-cycles of energy-saving. Acycle of energy saving is based on the motor vector control technology and make themotor adapt to changes of the polished rod load. The multi-cycles of the pumping unitenergy-saving is to find the optimal swabbing parameters on the basis of the balanceof supply and discharge, and determine the oil well capacity for liquid according tothe pumping unit motor operating parameters. On this basis, the swabbing parametersare optimized, and the multi-cycles of the pumping unit energy-saving is relized. Thismethod lays the foundation of modeling and optimization of the production system.2The model of beam pumping unit oil producing system based on vector controlis established. The polished rod load is calculated precisely using vector method. Thepumping unit asynchronous motor model is established with the rotor flux orientation.The ground equivalent mechanical model of the beam pumping unit productionsystem is established，which looks the oil pump motor output shaft as the equivalentconstruct, and the inertia moment and equivalent moment generated by the belt pulley,gear box, four connecting rod and the polished rod load are acted on it. The predictionmodel of sucker rod string is established according to the sucker rod suspensionelasticity and the longitudinal vibration equation. On the basis of the above modles,the dynamic characteristis of the oil producing system are analyzed.3The optimization of the beam pumping unit oil producing system is studiedbased on the theory of balance of supply and discharge The optimization methodbased on vector control is proposed, on the basis of analysis about the existingoptimization method. According to the relationship between the motor torque currentand the balance of supply and discharge, the eight kinds of correspondence betweenthe motor torque and the API standard dynamometer are established. In order to realize the multi-cycles of the pumping unit energy-saving and improve systemefficiency, the puming uint optimization model for the balance of supply anddischarge is established.4The puming uint optimization model is improved with the support vectormachine method. And the optimality method of the C, g parameters of support vectormachine is studied based on the grid search and particle swarm optimization methods.The improvement of the optimization model increases the accuracy of the model andreduces the prediction error of oil well producing liquid.5The models established in the paper are simulated and tested.The correctness ofthe beam pumping unit oil producing system model is demonstrated by thecomparison between the simulation of system active power and the measured. Themethod of a cycle of energy-saving and multi-cycles of energy-saving is proved bythe simulation of the optimization model. The results of the given speed test and theoptimizing operational test show that the system efficiency is improved obviously.更多还原