【作者】 林文新；

【导师】 王建伟；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 城际高速公路是城市化发展的必然产物。受土地资源紧张、征地拆迁成本与建造成本的不断攀升以及城市景观保护的需要，未来城际高速公路的建设速度将明显放缓。届时，城际高速公路里程增长速度将低于城市交通量的增长速度。如何最大程度地利用好现有的城际高速公路，提升其通行服务水平，已经成为当地政府、交通主管部门以及高速公路公司需要迫切解决的问题。目前，城际高速公路的收费价格对交通量在路段之间、单条高速公路不同区段与不同时段之间的调节作用尚未发挥，收费到期后城市化地区高速公路与城市普通公路交通量的均衡问题、养护资金的筹集问题等都需要找到解决的办法。本文在探讨城际高速公路基本特点的基础上，以深入分析城际高速公路交通特征为基点，以城际高速公路供需关系分析为理论基础，从城际高速公路收费期内的非饱和交通流状态、饱和交通流状态以及收费期结束后这两大阶段、三个角度对城际高速公路整个运行过程的特征演化，制定相应的收费策略及对定价标准进行模型化测算，为正确制定城际高速公路的通行价格、解决城际高速公路未来发展问题提供理论参考和解决思路。首先，对研究对象和问题进行界定，总结国内外关于定价理论和收费策略等方面的相关研究进展，对现有研究内容进行评述；其次，通过数据统计和与其他交通方式的对比，总结分析城际高速公路交通运行特征；再次，在供给、需求及价格的经济学理论框架下，从城际高速公路通行服务的影响因素、需求价格弹性及替代性等对城际高速公路需求继续进行分析，并从影响因素、成本、供给价格弹性等分析城际高速公路供给；第四，通过对非饱和交通流的界定及非饱和交通流下的出行行为分析，结合定价影响因素分析及目标、原则，构建适应非饱和交通流特性的双层规划模型，采用遗传算法求解，并选取特定高速公路进行实证分析；第五，通过对饱和交通流的识别，结合对饱和交通流下的高速公路收费定价影响因素分析，构建Logit分析模型，并选取特定高速公路进行实证分析；第六，通过对高速公路养护成本的合理计算，构建了适应养护成本导向的城际高速公路收费期结束后的收费定价双层规划模型，设计模拟退火算法求解模型，并选取特定高速公路进行实证分析。论文取得的主要研究成果是：（1）城际高速公路具有交通总量大、路网结构复杂、时段交通量波动大、通勤交通占比大、小客车占比大、货车占比小等特点；（2）城际高速公路在收费期非饱和阶段需求价格弹性较大、供给价格弹性较小。在收费期饱和阶段，城际高速公路的需求价格弹性较小而供给价格弹性较大，需求大于供给；（3）提出了收费期的不同交通流状态、收费期结束后养护成本导向的收费策略；（4）考虑非饱和交通流状态城际高速公路使用者的出行行为选择特点，构建了城际高速公路收费期非饱和交通流状态下的收费定价双层规划模型；（5）在分析饱和交通流状态交通需求转移的基础上，构建了城际高速公路收费期饱和交通流状态下的双矩阵博弈定价模型；（6）在提出城际高速公路收费期结束后养护成本导向型收费策略的基础上，构建了城际高速公路收费期结束后养护成本导向型的定价双层规划模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Intercity expressway is the inevitable product of enhanced radiation of central cityeconomy. For the lack of land resources, the high cost of relocation and construction and theneed of urban landscape protection, the speed of the intercity expressway construction in thefuture will be slower. Then, the growth rate of the intercity expressway mileage will be lowerthan the growth rate of the urban traffic volume. So, how to use the current intercityexpressway effectively, improve the service level, and meet the need of urban developmentand production and living has become an issue needed to be urgently addressed for localgovernment, transportation authorities and expressway management enterprise. At present, thetolling of intercity expressway has not played role in controlling traffic volume amongdifferent intercity expressways. And the issues of traffic equilibrium between intercityexpressways and ordinary highways, and the raising of fund for maintenance after tollingdeadline are all needed to be solved.On the basis of the characteristics and traffic characteristics of intercity expressways andoperation rules and the supply and demand theoretical of intercity expressways, differentintercity expressway pricing strategy and pricing standard models were proposed andcalculated by analyzing from unsaturated traffic flow condition, saturated traffic flowcondition and cost-oriented. That provides theoretical reference and solution ideas for thecorrect tolls pricing, regulate operations and solving future problems of intercity expressway.Firstly, define the study of objects and issues, and summarize the research about pricingtheory, expressway toll policy, expressway toll pricing methods and pricing factors, andcomment on the existing research. Secondly, through the data statistics, analyze thecharacteristics of traffic demand structure, traffic flow time, traffic flow spatiality, traffic flowstructure, and profoundly analysis of intercity expressway traffic flow characteristics andoperation rules, to provide support for designing intercity expressway pricing methods.Thirdly, in the framework of supply, demand and prices theory, analysis intercity expresswayneeds from influencing factors, price elasticity of demand, demand utility and alternative, thendetermine different intercity expressway pricing strategy of unsaturated traffic flow condition,saturated traffic flow condition and cost-oriented. Fourthly, through the definition of unsaturated traffic flow and analysis of unsaturated travel behavior, combined withexpressway pricing factors analysis, objectives, and principles, build bilevel programmingmodel that adapt properties of unsaturated traffic, then solve that using genetic algorithms,analyze by selecting a specific expressway. Fifthly, through the identification of saturatedtraffic flow, combined with analysis of expressway pricing factors in saturated traffic flow,build Logit analysis model, and analyze by selecting a specific expressway. Sixthly, throughthe summary analysis of financial issues and scientific judgment of long-term affectingfactors trends, and the calculation results of expressway maintenance costs, build bilevelprogramming model that adapt maintenance costs, then solve that using simulated annealingalgorithm, analyze by selecting a specific expressway.The achievements obtained of this research are including:(1) intercity expressways hasthe characteristics of large traffic volume, complex structure, obvious traffic volumefluctuation, large ratio of commuting traffic, large ratio of coach wans and low ratio of truck.(2) Demand price elasticity of intercity expressways is high in the period of unsaturated trafficflow condition, but supply price elasticity is low; and in the period of saturated traffic flowcondition, demand price elasticity is low, but supply price elasticity is high.(3) The tollingstretgy of unsaturated traffic flow condition, saturated traffic flow condition and andmaintenance cost oriented are proposed.(4) Bi-level pricing model of intercity expressways inunsaturated traffic flow condition is established, considering of users’ characteristics of travelchoice behavior;(5) Double matrix game pricing model of intercity expressways in saturatedtraffic flow condition is established based on the analysis of traffic demand transfer;(6)Bi-level pricing model of intercity expressways based on the tolling stretgy oriented bymaintenance cost after tolling period.更多还原