【作者】 孟庆营；

【导师】 韩森；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 排水性沥青混合料为典型的骨架—空隙结构混合料，压实后其空隙率在20%左右，具有优良的排水性能和降低噪声性能，可显著提高雨天行车安全性。但排水性沥青混合料排水降噪性能的发挥主要取决于其内部结构，而结构又与采用的成型方式密切相关；成型方式不同，其内部结构可能会有较大差异，从而会影响其性能的发挥。本文从排水沥青混合料的细观结构入手，以振动压实为主线，对排水性沥青混合料细观力学特性、关键原材选择方法、振动压实特性、级配优化、路用性能及压实工艺进行了系统研究，并通过验证试验和实体工程铺筑，对室内研究成果进行了验证，为振动法应用于排水性沥青混合料设计和工程应用提供了理论指导。通过对排水性沥青混合料组成结构特点和使用特性分析，结合国内外已有研究成果，提出了排水性沥青混合料粗集料、细集料技术标准；针对影响排水性沥青混合料性能的高粘改性沥青，基于层次分析法和模糊数学理论，构建了性能影响因素综合评价模型，提出了高粘改性沥青综合评价指标权重值，建立了高粘改性沥青综合评价方法，优选出了适合实体工程的改性方案。基于排水性沥青混合料细观结构组成特点，采用离散元方法，构建了能反映振动压实后排水性沥青混合料的颗粒承载运动以及非连续性的理论结构模型，结合单轴贯入试验模拟，研究了不同成型方式、材料参数对排水性沥青混合料细观力学特性的影响规律，提出采用振动压实成型、增加沥青粘度与改善颗粒表面特性可使颗粒配位数提高、混合料内部应力分布均匀，有利于提高排水性沥青混合料抗变形能力。分析了振动压路机压实特性与表面振动击实仪动力学特性，基于弹跳模型，推导出了表面振动压实仪振动消耗能方程：E K1A0fM gT；使用振动压实仪，系统研究了线压力、频率、振幅对排水性沥青混合料压实效果的影响规律，结合正交灰关联分析方法，提出了影响排水性沥青混合料性能的各配置因素的主次顺序：夹角>频率>上下车配重，以及最佳振动参数组合：H35J120S4X5。使用表面振动压实仪，通过逐级振动填充试验，进行了排水性沥青混合料级配优化，得到了典型排水性沥青混合料振动压实状态下粗细集料分界筛孔为4.75mm，优化了不同粗、细集料组成的最佳比例，推导出了能反映粗集料骨架稳定特征的微观强度指标与粗集料的体积指标、不同组分的性质（包括密度、含量和当量半径）关系的粗集料剪切模量比GR（振动压实状态下粗集料混合料的剪切模量与干插捣紧装状态下粗集料的剪切模量之比）。基于优化得到的排水性沥青混合料级配，系统研究了各因素对混合料路用性能的影响规律，证实了振动和揉搓压实较传统马歇尔锤击压实更有利于排水性沥青混合料嵌挤骨架结构的形成，且试验结果表明，振动压实成型试件的动稳定度为静压成型试件的1.532倍。通过验证试验及实体工程铺筑，分析了振动压实工艺对排水性沥青混合料压实效果的影响规律，提出有限振动压实遍数不会造成混合料矿料级配的严重衰变，优化了排水性沥青混合料振动压实工艺，即：先用12t双钢轮振动压路机以高频、低幅方式振动3遍，然后采用大于11t的双钢轮振动压路机静压2遍，消除轮迹印，两道工序应衔接紧凑。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a typical of skeleton-gap structure mixtures, the air void of porous asphalt mixture isusually around20%after compaction. The porous asphalt mixture pavement has excellentdrainage performance with low-noise. It can also significantly improve the safety of driving inthe rain. However, the noise reduction performance mainly depends on internal structure ofthe mixture, which is closely related with the compacting method. Different compactingmethods make discrepancy interior structures, which may affect the performance of mixture.Based on the microstructure perspective of porous asphalt mixture, this article analyzed thevibratory compaction as the main research line. The micromechanics characteristics forporous asphalt mixtures, key raw material selection method, vibration compactioncharacteristics, gradation optimization, road performance and compacting technology werestudied in depth. The achievementswere verified in laboratory experiment and the verificationtest that provide the theoretical guidance for the application of vibration compactiontechnology in the design and application of porous asphalt mixture.Through study of the composition and characteristics of porous asphalt mixture,combining with the existing research results at home and abroad, the technical standards ofcoarse aggregate and fine aggregate for porous asphalt mixture were suggested. For theeffects high sticky asphalt to porous asphalt mixture performance, based on AHP and fuzzymathematics theory, comprehensive evaluation model of factors that affect performance wasconstructed, the comprehensive evaluation index weight value of high viscosity modifiedasphalt was proposed, the comprehensive evaluation method of high-viscosity modifiedasphalt was established, and the modification schemes which are suitable for real engineeringwas selected optimizedly.Based on the microstructure characteristics of porous asphalt mixture and the discreteelement method, the non-continuous theoretical model that can reflect the movement ofparticles in porous asphalt mixture was constructed. Combined with uniaxial penetration testin the way of numerical virtual simulations, the influenceof Compacting method and materialparameters on microstructure perspective of porous asphalt mixture were analyzed. By adopting vibrating compacting method, increasing bitumen viscosity and improving surfacecharacteristics, homogenizing the internal stress distribution in the mixture can improve thedeformation resistance of the porous asphalt mixture.Analyzing the relationship between the compaction characteristics of vibratory roller anddynamic properties of surface vibration compaction instrument, the vibration energyconsumption equation of the surface vibration compactor was deduced:E K1A0fM gT.Using a vibrating compactor, the effect of the law that line pressure, frequency, amplitude onporous asphalt mixture compaction were systematically studied. Combined with orthogonalgray relational analysis, the configuration factors of primary and secondary order whichinfluence the performances of the porous asphalt mixture is: angle> frequency> on and off thecounterweight, as well as the optimal vibration parameters combination: H35J120S4X5.By using pavement vibration compactor and the experiments of vibration andalternativein classification, the drainage asphalt mixture gradation had been optimizated. Theresearch got the conclusions as follows: the vibratory compaction state boundaries sieveaggregate size for porous asphalt mixture is4.75mm, the composition of different coarse andfine aggregates has optimized, the composed of the best ratio deduced reflect stable coarseaggregate skeleton microscopic characteristics of coarse aggregate strength index and thevolume indicator different nature of the components (including density, content andequivalent radius) relations coarse aggregate shear modulus ratio GR (vibratory compactionstate mixture of coarse aggregate shear modulus tamping plug fitted with dry coarse aggregatestate of the shear modulus) were deduced.Based on the optimized gradation for porous asphalt mixture, the effects of differentfactors on pavement performance were studied in a systematic way.The results show that thevibrating compaction and rubbing compaction are better than Maxell compaction at formingthe interlocking framework of porous asphalt mixture; and the dynamic stability value ofvibrating compaction specimens are1.532times of pressure shaping one.Trough verification test and pavement construction, the influence of vibratingcompaction craft on the porous asphalt mixture was studied. The results show that withincertain vibrating compaction times, the porous asphalt mixture gradation won’t change much more, and the vibrating compaction craft for porous asphalt mixture is optimized: at first, a12t twin steel wheel vibration roller vibrating rolls the asphalt mixture in a highfrequency-low amplitude way for3times, then a twin steel wheel vibration roller over11tpressure rolls for2times to eliminate the wheel path, and the two crafts should be compactconvergence.更多还原