【作者】 张小涛；

【导师】 潘道东；

【作者基本信息】 宁波大学 ， 食品科学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 本文试验原料是浙东白鹅，它是高蛋白质、低脂肪、低胆固醇的优质禽肉，具有很高的营养价值，作为鹅品种中主要的一大类，研究浙东白鹅肌肉成熟品质变化及其肌肉的成熟机理具有极其重要的现实意义，主要研究结果如下：1、为了研究鹅宰杀后肌肉在自然成熟状态下肌原纤维蛋白的降解情况，快速取下胸肉约10g为0d样品,其余肉样在4℃分别成熟4h、12h、1d、2d、4d、7d后取样快速冷冻。ROS含量的测定采用定量荧光探针（DHE）分析法，细胞凋亡量的检测采用Hoechst染色法测定。研究发现，肌肉自然成熟2d荧光值显著高于对照组（P<0.05），并且在2d时出现了明显的凋亡细胞。通过SDS-PAGE法测定了骨骼肌中和肉嫩度高度相关的伴肌动蛋白（nebulin）、伴肌球蛋白（titin）以及肌钙蛋白-T（troponin-T）的降解变化，通过免疫印迹法分析肌间线蛋白（desmin）和caspase-3，9活化片段表达水平的变化，研究发现这些蛋白在成熟过程中均发生显著降解（P<0.05）。并分析不同成熟时期caspase3，9酶活力的变化，发现caspase-3酶活性在1d时最高，而caspase-9酶活性在1d时活性相对较低。2、探讨经不同成熟时期不同部位鹅肉品质以及肌肉内Na+K+ATPase和Ca²⁺ATPase活性的变化，并且研究酶活性与品质间的相关性。结果显示：在胸肉中，Ca²⁺ATPase活性与pH值，蒸煮损失率以及色泽（L*、a*和b*）均具有显著相关性（P<0.05），其中仅与b*呈正相关。而Na+K+ATPase活性与滴水损失率和剪切力有显著负相关性（P<0.05）；在腿肉中，Ca²⁺ATPase活性仅与pH值，以及色泽（L*）呈显著正相关性（P<0.05），与其他各指标相关性较低，而Na+K+ATPase活性仍与滴水损失率和剪切力有显著负相关性（P<0.05）。鹅宰后肉在4℃下成熟4d到5d时品质最佳，ATPase与肌肉品质指标密切相关。并且分析了MFI和MDA的含量变化，结果显示，胸肉中MFI含量在1d最高，而腿肉的MFI含量在整个成熟过程中变化不显著（P>0.05）。胸肉中MDA的含量整个变化不显著（P>0.05），腿肉中含量在1d时最低。3、采用不同的诱导方式（10mmol/L的H₂O₂和NAC）处理样品，再次探究鹅肉其宰后肌肉的成熟机理。ROS含量的测定采用定量荧光探针（DCFH-DA）分析法。试验研究发现，H₂O₂处理样品1d的荧光强度值显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。通过SDS-PAGE法和免疫印迹法测定了肌钙蛋白-T（troponin-T）和肌间线蛋白（desmin）和降解变化。和对照组相比，desmin和troponin-T在处理1d时条带均发生降解（P<0.05）。两种处理组，MFI的含量均在1d时达到最高，而后随着处理时间的延长而下降。更多还原

【Abstract】 The samples of this study was Zhejiang white goose, which is a kind of nutrition and healthfood with its high protein, low-fat and low cholesterol. As in a large class in the geese family,research about the changes of muscle quality and mature mechanism of muscles has extremelyimportant practical significance. The main results were as follows:1. In order to investigate the mechanism underlying postmortem proeolysis of goose muscleproteins during meat aging,after goose were slaughtered,take the breast muscles about10g quicklyas the at death sample,the other muscles were stored at4℃for4h,12h,1d,4d,7d,and then quicklyfreezing. A method of quantitative fluorescence probe was used for the determination of ROS（DHE）, apoptosis detection using Hoechst dye assay.The results found that fluorescence values at2d are higher than control groups（P<0.05）, and Apoptotic cells were showed. The changes ofmyofibril proteins （titin, nebulin, desmin, and troponin-T） and the main activated proteins（caspase-3and caspase-9） expression levels which were highly associated with the meat tendernesswere examined by SDS-PAGE and western blotting, all of these proteins occurred apparentchange（P<0.05）. The change of Enzymes activities were showed that caspase-3activity highest at1d and caspase-9activity the lowest.2. The experiment was conducted to study the variation of the active of Na⁺K⁺ATPase andCa²⁺ATPase and meat quality in different aging time and position. Relationship between enzymeand meat quality was studied. Results indicated: the active of Ca²⁺ATPase had significantcorrelations with pH value, water boiling loss （WBL） and meat color（L*、a*and b*） in breast meat（P<0.05）, and it had negative correlations with b*.the active of Na⁺K⁺ATPase had significantnegative correlations with water dripping loss （WDL） and tenderness（P<0.05）; the active ofCa²⁺ATPase only had significant positive correlations with pH value and meat color（L*） in legmeat（P<0.05）, and lower correlations with other characteris of meat quality. But Na⁺K⁺ATPasealso had significant negative correlations with water dripping loss（WDL） and tenderness（P<0.05）.It was concluded that The best quality of goose after slaughter was from4d to5d at4℃andit hadrelationship between ATPase and meat quality. And analyzed the variation of the content of MEIand MDA, Results indicated: the content of MFI was highest at1d in the breast muscle, and whichhad no significant variation during the aging time（P>0.05） in the leg muscle. The content of MDAwas lowest at1d in the leg muscle, and had no significant variation in the breast muscle （P>0.05）3. Investigate the mechanism underlying postmortem after induced the samples by differentmeans （10mmol/L H₂O₂and NAC）. A method of quantitative fluorescence probe was used for the determination of ROS （DCFH-DA）, The results found that fluorescence values at treated samplesfor1d with H₂O₂are significant higher than control groups （P<0.05）. The changes of myofibrilproteins （desmin and troponin-T） were examined by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Comparedwith the control group, it had significant degradation of desmin and troponin-T in treated samplesat1d （P<0.05）. The content of MFI was highest at1d, and grew lower and lower during the agingtime.更多还原