【作者】 周宏刚；

【导师】 张昆；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 传播学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 国家形象是软实力的重要组成部分。中国和印度是全球发展最快的新兴经济体。中印两国的相互认知对于亚洲的繁荣与稳定以及边界问题的最终解决具有十分重要的现实意义。本文以三家印度英文主流报纸《印度时报》、《印度教徒报》、《印度快报》为研究对象，抽取2003至2011年间与中国相关的4687篇报道。由于印度的官员、受教育阶层以及对外交政策有影响力的人士都讲英语，印度英文媒体对政府的外交决策具有重要的舆论影响力。一般认为，《印度时报》是印度右翼势力的代言人；《印度教徒报》代表左翼政党的利益；《印度快报》对中国保持警惕，但态度较为温和，总体上“中间偏右”。三家报纸的基本上能够代表印度英文媒体对中国的看法。2003年以来，中印关系回暖，经贸交往带动了中印关系的全面发展。虽然中印关系经历了一些挫折，但是两国政府发展友好关系的决心从未动摇，两国全面合作的进程从未中断。反映在舆论界，就是中印关系成为三家报纸持续报道的焦点。9年间三家报纸对中国的报道可分为三个阶段：第一阶段，2003年的恢复期。2003年印度总理瓦杰帕伊访华是中印友好关系的新起点。《印度时报》关于中国的报道从2002年的76篇迅速增长到2003年的120篇。三家报纸讨论的是要不要与中国发展友好关系，如何评价瓦杰帕伊对中国的访问。第二阶段，2004年到2006年的稳定发展期。由于中印两国的交往已停滞多年，三家报纸对中国有一些好奇，中国经济为什么能够快速发展，印度应该在哪些方面学习中国，如何开拓中国市场。与此相应的是，三家报纸对中国的报道数量稳步增长，反映出中印关系欣欣向荣的景象。第三阶段，2007年到2011年的怀疑挫折期。中印贸易不平衡的加剧、边界问题的悬而未决以及地缘竞争的愈演愈烈，这些都成为中印关系的障碍。三家报纸对中国的报道数量持续走高，但是报道倾向开始发生变化，从友好转向猜忌，中国的国家形象开始下滑。本文采用内容分析和话语分析的方法，以议题为经，以时间为纬，分析了三家报纸在政治、经济、军事等七大议题上的差异以及由此呈现出来的中国形象。《印度时报》采用二元对立的框架，把中国看成竞争者和敌对者，处处担心中国，反映出其自卑的心态。《印度教徒报》采用中印一体的框架，把中国看成友好的邻居，折射出其乐观自信的心态。《印度快报》采用对比的框架，既强调在经济上与中国合作，又在政治军事上高度警惕中国。中国形象受到三家报纸报道框架的制约，通过议题的设置、报道数量的多少、报道角度的选择以及报道手法的运用体现出来。《印度时报》最关注的是经济和社会议题，议题设置是“封闭式”的，焦点效应突出，加上故事化手法的运用，能够增强报道的系统性和说服力，但是容易以偏概全，误导读者。《印度教徒报》对政治和文化议题关注较多，议题设置是“开放式”的，议题分散，报道手法比较客观，但是这些都削弱了报道的力度。《印度快报》注重军事和环境议题的报道，关注宏观议题，对事件的历史和国际背景的介绍较多，报道手法客观、冷静，常常采用对比的视角。《印度快报》对中国的立场表面上比较温和，而实际上关注的都是事关全局利益的战略性议题。本文最后从新闻生产的角度分析了影响报道框架的各种因素，包括国家利益、市场压力、政党政治、职业理念等各种因素的制约。在国际传播中，媒体中的国家形象受国家利益的影响最大，其次是市场和政党政治的压力。三家报纸中不同的中国形象体现了中印关系的复杂性，也反映出中国自身存在的问题。因此，中国形象的提升在很大程度上取决于中国自身状况的改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 National image is an important part of soft power. China and India are the world’sfastest growing emerging economies. The mutual cognition between the two countries isvery important to the prosperity and stability of Asia, as well as the final solution of theboundary problem.In this thesis, the research object is the coverage about China presented by the threemainstream English newspapers in Indian——Times of India，The Hindu, Indian Express,during the time from2003to2011.The total number of sampling is4,687. Since Indianofficials, the educated classes, as well as the influential people on foreign policy speakEnglish, therefore, English medias in India had an important impact of public opinion onthe government’s foreign policy-making. Generally speaking, Times of India is thespokesman of the right-wing forces in India, The Hindu represents the interests of theleft-wing parties; while Indian Express maintains a vigilant watch against China, but theattitude is more moderate——"center-right" as a whole. These three newspapers canbasically represent the Indian English media’s perception of China.Since2003, the Sino-Indian relations rebounded. And economic and trade exchangesled to the comprehensive development of Sino-Indian relations. Although the Sino-Indianrelations experienced some setbacks, the determination to develop friendly relationsbetween the two governments has never wavered, the process of all-round cooperationbetween the two countries has never been interrupted. Reflected in public opinion,Sino-Indian relations became the focus of continued coverage on the three newspapers.The three newspapers’ coverage on China can be divided into three stages over the past9years:First stage: the recovery period in2003. It was Indian Prime Minister Atal BihariVajpayee’s visit to China in2003that became a new starting point of the Sino-Indianfriendly relations. The reports about China on Times of India grew rapidly from76in2002to120in2003. What the three newspapers discussed were whether India shoulddevelop friendly relations with China, and how to evaluate Vajpayee’s visit to China.Second stage: the stable development period from2004to2006. Since exchanges between China and India has been stagnant for many years, three newspapers were curiousabout why China’s economy can obtain rapid development, in which way India shouldlearn from China, and how to develop the Chinese market. In line with these, threenewspapers’ coverage steadily grew, reflecting the thriving scene of Sino-Indian relations.Third stage: the suspected setback period from2007to2011. Due to theintensification of the Sino-Indian trade imbalance, pending border issues andintensification of geopolitical competition, the development of China-India relations hadto face many obstacles. The number of reports about China on the three newspaperscontinued to rise, however, the reported tendency began to change——from friendly tosuspicious，and China’s national image began to decline.Based on content analysis and discourse analysis, longitude by subject and latitude bytime, this thesis analyzed the differences of the three newspapers in the political, economic,military and other seven issues reports, as well as the general image of China presented bythe three newspapers.By using the framework of binary opposition, The Times of India regarded China ascompetitor and adversaries, and always felt worried about China, reflecting its inferioritymentality. While The Hindu used the framework of “Chindia”,and regarded China as afriendly neighbor, reflecting the optimistic confident state of mind. Nevertheless, IndianExpress used the framework of contrast, not only emphasizing on economic cooperationwith China, but also keeping high vigilance against China in the area of politics andmilitary. China’s image which was restricted by three newspapers’ reporting frameworkreflected through agenda-setting, the number of the report, the choice of reporting angle aswell as the application of reported methods.The Times of India was most concerned about economic and social issues. Sinceagenda-setting was “closed”, focus effect was outstanding, plus the use of story-telling, itcan enhance reports’ systematicness and persuasiveness, but it was easy to hold a part asthe whole, and generalize misleading to readers. The Hindu paid more attention to thepolitical and cultural issues. Due to the “open” agenda-setting, scattered issues and itsmore objective reports, power of reports had been weakened. Indian Express paid muchattention to the reports of military and environmental issues. It focused on the macroissues, gave more introductions about the history and the international background of theevent, and reported in an objective and calm way. Moreover, it often adopted comparative perspective. It seemed that Indian Express on China’s position was relatively mild,actually what it concerned about was related to the interests of the whole strategic issues.Finally, this thesis analyzed the various factors that affected reporting framework,including the interests of the state, market pressure, party politics, professional conceptand other factors. In international communications, national image in the media is mostinfluenced by the interests of the state, followed by the pressure of market and partypolitics. Different image of China in the three newspapers not only reflected thecomplexity of Sino-Indian relations, but also reflected the problems in China itself.Therefore, improving the image of China is largely dependent on China’s own conditions’improvement.更多还原