【作者】 李霞；

【导师】 杨少伟；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 国内外高速公路用地情况对比及相关的工程实践证明，我国高速公路建设中存在一定节约土地的潜能，但现有研究主要集中在对节地措施的总结归纳，缺乏对高速公路土地节约化利用较为全面、深入的研究，难以规范化、系统化在其他项目中应用。部分节地措施尚存在争议，节地措施的关键技术尚待深入研究，针对单个高速公路项目的特点，客观公正地对其节约化程度进行定量界定的理论尚属空白。论文以解决上述问题为目标，对高速公路项目节地关键保障技术和节地效果综合评价进行深入研究。在充分总结国内外相关研究基础上，对国内外高速公路项目土地利用情况进行了全面调查和深入分析，对高速公路节地研究的基础理论进行了总结归纳，界定了公路建设项目节约用地的概念，将微观层次土地节约利用的内涵界定为单个高速公路项目用地量的减少及既有用地效益的提高两个层面，从永久性占地、临时性占地、破坏性占地等三方面系统分析了高速公路的占地特征，并从数理统计分析、道路设计规范等角度综合分析了建设标准、地理条件（地形、地貌、水文）、路网状况，社会经济条件（人口和经济等）因素与占地间关系。针对永久性用地、临时性用地和破坏性用地的不同特征及影响因素，根据土地利用系统和公路技术经济特点，运用系统工程学理论，结合高速公路用地实况及各类节地措施实施效果，从规划、设计、施工、管理等层面建立了高速公路节约用地措施框架体系，并对大广高速衡大段的节地思路和节地措施方案进行了总结归纳和深入分析。在对我国高速公路项目建设用地存在的问题和现行《公路工程项目建设用地指标》进行分析的基础上，对降低路堤高度、服务设施用地优化、节地措施方案决策等节地措施进行深入研究，提出了基于综合绕行系数最小原则的横向设置选址优化模型，构造了合理路基平均填土高度计算模型，将基于连续行驶时间的服务区驶入率确定方法引入服务设施用地计算，建立了服务设施的用地量计算模型，探索了服务区土地利用评价方法，提出了可持续发展理论下高速公路用地价格构成的新模式，建立了高速公路用地价值评估理论与量化方法，提出了节地措施方案的决策流程。为实现高速公路项目层级的节地效果综合评价，从用地量节约水平、功能及服务水平和用地综合效益水平三个准则层构建了微观层次的高速公路建设项目节地效果综合评价指标体系，确定了节约用地的指标标准值，运用基于熵值法赋权的综合指标模型建立一种对单个高速公路建设项目节地效果进行综合评价的可行方法，实现了对高速公路项目节约用地水平的界定和对比评价。结合大广高速衡大段的实际情况，对上述研究理论和方法进行了实证分析，对其局部路段的通道设置进行了优化，计算了其合理路基平均填土高度，服务区的用地量，对其节地思路、节地措施方案进行了描述和决策，并进一步对项目节地综合效果进行了评价，包括项目节地方案的节地效果评价以及与沿海高速、承秦高速节地效果的对比分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Comparison of land use situations of domestic and foreign expressway and alsoanalyses of related engineering practices show that there exists land saving potential in theconstruction of expressway in China. However, the currently existing researches and studiesmain focus on summarizing currently available land saving approaches, which are not suitableto be systematically applied in new projects, while there is a lack of comprehensive andintensive study into land saving methodology in expressway construction and exploitation.A part of the land saving approaches is controversial and the core technology is yet tobe developed. The theory which focuses on objective quantitative analysis of land savinglevel according to the features of a certain expressway is still a blank field. Aiming at solvingthe above-mentioned problems, this thesis studies the core technology of land saving inexpressway construction and comprehensive land saving effect assessment.Based on studying and analyzing related research results both home and abroad, thethesis digs into the land use situation of domestic and foreign expressway and defines theconcept of land saving in road construction, the meso-level concept of which is not only thereduction of land use of a certain expressway construction project, but also the increase ofeconomic return of the currently existing expressway. Also, the thesis systematically analyzesthe land occupation features of expressway in three perspectives: permanent occupation,temporary occupation and destructive occupation. In addition, the thesis analyzes therelationship between land occupation and construction standards, geographical conditions(topography, physiognomy, and hydrology), road networks and social and economic condition(population, economy and etc.) through mathematical statistics analysis and road constructionstandard analysis.According to the different features and influencing factors of permanent occupation,temporary occupation and destructive occupation, and also the land exploitation system andeconomic features of road construction technology, applying system analysis engineeringtheories, and combing the actual situation of expressway land usage and the effects of variousland saving measures, this thesis builds up a frame system of land saving measures in expressway construction from different aspects including planning, design, construction andmanagement and conducts a intensive analysis and conclusion of the land saving methods ofthe Hengda Part of Daguang Expressway.Based on studying the existing problems of land use in expressway constructionprojects in China and The Land Using Index of Road Construction Projects, the thesisconducts a intensive study into land saving approaches such as lowering road embankment,optimizing service facility land use and program decisions on land saving. Also, it putsforward the horizontal site selecting optimization model based on principle of roundcoefficient minimum, builds up the computation module of suitable road embankment height,introduces the determination method of rate of service facility area usage based on continuousdriving hours, builds up the computation module of land usage of service infrastructure,explores into the evaluation methodology of service area land usage, puts forward a newmode of expressway land price composition according to the call of sustainable development,the theory of land evaluation and quantification, as well as the decision process of land savingmeasures.In order to realize a comprehensive effect assessment of expressway construction ofdifferent levels, the thesis builds up a system of evaluating indicators in a meso-level, whichconsists of three criteria—land saving amount, function and service level and comprehensivereturn of land usage. Moreover, it nails down the standard value of the land saving index, andapplying index based on entropy method empowerment into building a feasible approach toassess the land saving effect of a certain expressway construction project, thus realizing thedefinition and comparative evaluation of land saving level.更多还原