【作者】 焦杨；

【导师】 张杰； 邓卫；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 城乡规划学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 本文以我国现阶段城镇住房发展为大背景，以建立“政策+市场”的住房双轨模式为前提，以解决我国城镇部分低收入群体的住房困难为出发点，研究如何为我国低收入者住房福利政策的制定提供科学化的方法。为了给我国低收入者住房福利政策的制定提供科学化的依据，本文提出了一种量化城镇住房困难者对住房福利的需求的方法，并从公平和效率的角度分析了低收入者住房福利政策在制定时如何选择具体的补贴方式。从量化分析方法的角度，本文主要研究如何识别住房福利政策的实施对象，如何确定住房福利政策的标准以及如何确定城镇住房困难者对住房福利政策的资金需求；从住房补贴方式选择的角度，本文主要分析在不同时期、不同社会、经济环境下，各类型补贴方式的实施效果，从而给住房福利政策在补贴方式的选择上提供科学的依据。本文定义了我国城镇低收入者住房福利政策实施对象为以低收入为典型特征的城镇住房困难者，并用居民收入作为界定标准，提出了衡量城镇住房困难者比例的方法。其次，本文基于城镇住房困难者的特征以及对住房福利政策下居住标准的研究，分析了城镇住房困难者居住贫困缺口，从而探讨了城镇住房困难者对住房福利政策的资金需求与住房福利政策实际的补贴支出总额之间的关系。基于城镇住房困难者对住房福利需求的量化研究，本文分析了香港、新加坡以及美国的住房福利政策的发展，以及我国现阶段住房福利补贴方式的实施效果。本文认为，我国住房福利政策在具体补贴方式的选择上，应基于城镇住房困难者的不同居住需求进行有层次的区分。这种有层次的选择包括对住房建设补贴机制与住房金融补贴机制的选择，也包括对“补砖头”以及“补人头”方式的选择。同时，为使具体实施措施达到预期效果，有效的住房福利政策的管理机制必不可少。而管理机制的完善建立在合理的住房消费观念、完善的行政机构管理职能以及完整的城镇住房困难者收入、资产以及信用信息平台之上。从整体而言，本文基于两方面的研究对科学化的制定我国城镇低收入者住房福利政策提供了理论依据及指导方法，一方面提出了一种量化城镇住房困难者对住房福利的需求的方法，另一方面从公平和效率的角度分析了低收入者住房福利政策在制定时如何选择具体的补贴方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Low-income housing welfare policy is drawn up to support the urban inhabitantswho are unable to afford the housing price in market. Upon on the present of urbanhousing development in China, based on Policy&Market housing double-track pattern,this study is focused on how to propose a scientific method to formulate the low-incomehousing welfare policy properly in China.In order to provide scientific basis for the low-income housing welfare policy inChina, on one hand the study provide a quantitative analysis method on researching thedemand for low-income housing welfare policy by housing difficulties; on the otherhand the study is from the view of selecting the proper measures for implementation oflow-income housing welfare policy based on the justice and efficiency principal. Fromthe quantitative analysis perspective, the dissertation studies how to identify the objectof low-income housing welfare policy, how to determine the living standards forlow-income housing welfare policy, and how the housing difficulties’ demand effectlow-income housing welfare policy. From the perspective of selecting the propermeasures, the dissertation is discussed mainly on the efficiency of various measuresimplemented in different period, under different social and economic circumstances, soas to provide a scientific basis for low-income housing welfare policy.In this dissertation, urban housing difficulties with low-income stood as the mosttypical characteristic are defined as the target groups of the urban low-income housingwelfare policy in China. Also the calculation method about proportion of housingdifficulties is provided upon applying urban residents’ income as evaluation criterion.Secondly, the dissertation analyzes housing difficulties’ insufficiency between theirhousing expenditures and the living costs calculated upon the living standards oflow-income housing welfare policy. Then, the relationship between the actual totalexpenditure to housing difficulties of urban housing welfare policy and the financialneeds of housing welfare policy is discussed. Based on the demand for low-incomehousing welfare policy by housing difficulties, the study analyzes the housing welfarepolicy of Hong Kong, Singapore and the United States of America, in the specificimplementation measures on selection and its effect, and effect of the implementation measures in China. It is considered that specific implementation measures on selectionin China should be in view of the hierarchical living needs of urban housing difficulties.This kind of hierarchical selection includes the preference between constructive housingsubsidized mechanism and financial housing subsidized mechanism, also includes thepreference between Subsidized the Supply mode and Subsidized the Demand mode. Atthe same time, in order to make the implementation of specific measures to achieve thedesired results, effective management mechanism of low-income housing welfare policyis essential. And perfect management mechanism is established on rational concept ofhousing consumption, integrality of administrative functions and integrative informationplatform with urban housing difficulties’ income, assets, credit and so on.Overall, the dissertation provides a theoretical basis and a scientific guidance fordrawing up urban low-income housing welfare policy in China from the perspective of aquantitative analysis method on researching the demand for low-income housingwelfare policy by housing difficulties, and the perspective of selecting the propermeasures for implementation of low-income housing welfare policy based on the justiceand efficiency principal.更多还原