【作者】 丛桂芹；

【导师】 吕舟；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 建筑学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 文化遗产保护的核心问题是价值问题，对于遗产价值的认知一旦变化，保护理念与方式都会改变。从20世纪90年代延续至今的由重视历史价值到文化价值的转变，带来了遗产保护中从单纯保护到重视传承共享、从专业领域内的技术性保护到社会整体系统内的公众性保护的巨大变化。在这种情况下，能否正确、深刻地理解遗产价值，决定了文化遗产能否得到更为普遍的价值认同和社会参与，因此对于文化遗产的价值阐释和传播已然成为保护中的关键因素，这也是国际保护文献与保护组织对遗产阐释、展示等传播因素愈加重视的原因所在。但当前对这一问题的研究还非常薄弱，迫切需要进行理论的探讨以服务于保护实践。基于这样的问题视角，本文借鉴了公众考古学、传播学等学科理论，并结合国际保护文献的论述与国际保护组织的实践，从传播理念的角度考察文化遗产保护中的沟通与交流问题。通过对传播中“编码”和“译码”两个环节的考察，指出文化遗产保护是“价值编码”和“价值译码”的动态过程。“价值编码”是“价值建构”的过程，它通过建构遗产关键知识而生产出文化遗产的意义，话语转换在其中具有重要作用。文化遗产及其价值都是在不同的文化和价值观的背景作用下，通过不同的社会价值取向建构出来的，作为不同话语主体的利益相关者往往采取不同的策略来建构遗产价值的不同侧面，这不仅使遗产成为一个具有各种公共价值的品牌和集合体，也使得不同时代因话语的不同而导致了遗产价值认知的转变，从而建构出属于当代的遗产价值体系。“价值译码”则是“价值传递”的过程，它通过对遗产关键知识的解析而阐释、传达遗产意义。价值传递中主要有三种阐释方式，即学术阐释、展示性阐释和大众传媒阐释，其中前者是学术性质的初次阐释，后两者则是对遗产价值的普及性阐释。另外危机传播形式下的价值阐释，属于特殊的阐释方式，对遗产价值的抢救具有重要作用。重视遗产阐释的层级分类、调动公众参与互动活动，以及充分运用视觉传播的手段等方式，有助于提升遗产阐释和价值传递的效果。最后，本文指出了我国文化遗产保护与价值传递中的问题。由于目前普及性阐释对于我国的保护实践最为关键，因此在对当前普及性阐释的现状与问题进行分析后，本文提出了实现从“理解公众”到“公众理解”的阐释目标的可能途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 The core of the cultural heritage conservation is about the subject of value. Thecultural heritage conservation principle and mode will be changed when the cognition tothe culture heritage is changed. From1990s, the fact that more attention is transited tocultural value from historical value, which causes the great progress from simpleprotection to inherit and sharing, from the technical protection in the professional topublic protection in the social totally system. Under this condition, whether the culturalheritage can get more widely value identification and social participation is determinedby whether the value of heritage can be correctly and deeply understood. Therefore thecultural heritage value interpretation and communication have become the key factor inthe heritage conservation and utilization. It is also an explanation why that theinternational heritage conservation documents and organizations pay more and moreattention on such communication factors as heritage interpretation, exhibition and etc.Unfortunately, the research on this subject is still very poor which needs urgentlytheoretical research for the heritage conservation practice.Base on above viewpoint, this dissertation is mainly focused on the research ofthose subjects as the cultural heritage conservation’s value delivery, interpretation andcommunication with communication principle, accordingly those professional fieldknowledge such as public archaeology, communication and etc are adopted forreference, and also those interpretation in international conservation documents andpractice of international conservation organization are combined in this dissertation.According to the research of two links as "encode"and "decode”, it is pointed that thecultural heritage conservation is mainly the "value encode"and "value decode”dynamically comprehend process."Value encode"is a process of "value construction"which is achieved by constructkey knowledge and thereafter produce the cultural heritage significance. The discoursetransition is paramount important in this process. Both cultural heritage and its value areconstructed by different social value orientation under different cultural and valuebackground. As the stakeholders of different discourse body, they often constructdifferent sides of heritage value by adopting different strategy, which accordingly make not only cultural heritage become a brand and collection combined all kinds of publicvalue, but also cause the transition of heritage value cognition according to differenttimes and different discourse, thus the contemporary heritage value system isconstructed."Value decode"is a process of heritage value delivery which can interpret anddeliver the heritage significance by analysis of heritage key knowledge. There are threeinterpretation methods in the value delivery process: academic interpretation,demonstration interpretation and public media interpretation. Among them, academicinterpretation is the first interpretation procedure; the other two are about the popularityinterpretation. In addition, the value interpretation under crisis communication is aspecial interpretation mode which has important effect for rescuing the heritage value.Therefore, distinguish the level of heritage interpretation, mobilize public involved ininteractions, and fully utilize those vision media and etc will be helpful to improve theeffect of heritage interpretation and value delivery.Finally, those related problems in the cultural heritage conservation and valuedelivery in China are indicated in the dissertation.Those potential resolutions forrealizing the interpretation target as from "understand public"to "understand by public”are also proposed in this dissertation after concretely analysis of the available situationand subjects in the popularity interpretation because that the popularity interpretation inthe value delivery is most important now in China.更多还原