【作者】 吴艳；

【导师】 单军； 翟辉；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 建筑学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本论文是滇西北民族聚居地建筑地区性与民族性的关联研究。在村落、民居、宗教及土司建筑共同组成的研究基础之上，全文贯穿与地区性相关的人与“天、地”关系，和与民族性相关的人与“人、神”关系两条主要线索，从“同一地区不同民族聚居”和“同一民族不同地区聚居”两个平行层面开展研究，最终归纳总结民族聚居地建筑地区性与民族性的关联性及其影响因子，并初步建立互动关联基础模型。滇西北是我国具有代表性的典型少数民族聚居地，拥有藏、傈僳、怒、独龙、等十多个少数民族聚居，其中，怒、独龙是我国人口较少的少数民族群体。滇西北地区多样性明显，民族多样性独特，文化多样性丰富，是我国少数民族聚居地建筑研究的珍贵案例资源地区。论文选取滇西北怒江傈僳族自治州贡山怒族独龙族自治县丙中洛乡，和迪庆藏族自治州香格里拉县独客宗古城、尼西乡、格咱乡、东旺乡、小中甸镇，德钦县奔子栏镇、云岭乡、燕门乡，和怒江贡山县捧当乡等地的自然村作为研究基地。通过在各村落开展的田野调查和测绘访谈等工作，收集和整理各地区村落、民居、宗教及土司建筑的自然、人文和建筑资料，据此分析丙中洛的怒、藏、傈僳、独龙等建筑，及云南藏族在香格里拉、德钦、贡山等地建筑的地区性与民族性的关联性，以探寻建筑影响因子。论文研究历时4年，分4次对上述研究基地开展了深入细致的调研工作，在选取的近30个村落，完成了近60个建筑的测绘工作。论文研究的建筑类型以民族民居为主，延伸到藏传佛寺、天主教堂、土司府邸等，调研成果补充和完善了滇西北民族聚居地建筑的田野调查、访谈、测绘图纸及影像等资料。在此基础上，论文进行了两个平行层面的关联性对比研究，最终归纳以下结论：民族聚居地建筑地区性与民族性的关联性是产生民族建筑多样性的根本原因之一。多样性表现在应对自然环境中地区性相关的人与“天、地”关系，和应对社会文化中民族性相关的人与“人、神”关系。地区性与民族性具有共时性和历时性特征，二者同时存在且持续关联作用，造就民族建筑的差异性和相似性，并形成多样性丰富的民族聚居地建筑。其中的影响因子分两类：属自然领域的地区性因子，该类因子不可改变，但具有可选择性；属社会领域的民族性因子，该类因子可以改变，且选择性强。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is an associated research of Regionality and Ethnicity in minoritysettlements of Northwest Yunnan. Based of the foundation composed of villages,dwellings, and religious architectures, there are two main relationships throughout thestudy. The regional one composed like climate, environment between people and nature,and the ethnical one includs of ethnic, religion between people and society. The studyworks from two parallel clues, one settlement with different minorities live in, and oneminority living in diverse settlements. In the end, the research summarized theconlusion about relevance, impact factors, and interactional base model betweenarchitectural regionality and ethnicity.Northwest Yunnan represents typical minority settlements of China, with manyminorities live in, like Tibetan, Naxi, Bai, Lisu, and others. Among them Nu, Dulongare small population ones. These minority settlements all have rich diversity aboutregionaility, ethnicity, culture and dwellings. The thesis has selected the villages spreadover Bingzhongluo of Gongshan, Nujiang, Dukezong ancient town, Nixi, Geza,Dongwang, Xiaozhongdian of Shangri-La and Benzilan, Yunling, Yanmen of Deqin,Diqing as research bases. After finished field investigation and sketches, the studycollected lots of information about nature, society and dwellings there, the researchanalysed the association between regionality with ethnicity and discussed the impactfactors.The research lasted about4years, finished4times fied researches to completenearly60architectures in almost30selected villages. The building type include ofdwelling, Tibetan temple, Catholic Church and Tusi mansion, while the achievementinvolved family survey and architectural sketch. They are precious data of minoritysettlements in northwest Yunnan. On this basis, the thesis carried out a relevancecomparative study of the two parallel levels, then summarized in the followingconclusions. The association between regionality and ethnicity in minoritysettlements is one of the importance formed architectural diversity. Itperformance in dealing with two relationship, the regional one between peopleand nature composed like climate, environment, and the ethnical one between people and society composed like ethnic, God. Regionality and Ethnicity havesynchronic and diachronic characteristics. They continue working together toform the differences and similarities of minority settlements, and rich diversityof ethnic architectures. Impact factors belong to regionality and ethnicitydivided into two categories: the natural field about regional ones, which can notbe changed, but selectively; and the social field about ethnical ones, which canbe changed, with strongly selectivity.更多还原