【作者】 陈泳全；

【导师】 秦佑国；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 建筑学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 西方建筑发展过程中存在两条脉络，一条是注重思考（thinking）的脉络，强调社会、历史、文化、艺术等人文的价值，注重设计概念的创新和形式美的探索，表现为不断更替的形式风格和思想流派；另一条是注重制作（making）的脉络，这是一条隐性的脉络，以建筑的本体建造为核心，将材料、工艺、技术等等作为设计创新的焦点和决策依据。我们一直在关注、追随西方现代建筑中思想的潮流，却忽视了制作的传统对于建筑的价值，进而不断地陷入形式主义和粗劣品质的困境。面对这样的困境，许多建筑师、学者开始从形而上的思考回归到建筑的本体、建筑的制作传统来寻找建筑高品质、多元化的本质，以抵抗和突破那些谱系式的思想限制。本文正是基于这样的背景，展开对建筑本体建造相关的研究。然而建造过程是一个复杂的过程，涉及到环境因素、物质因素、技术因素、经济因素、社会因素、文化因素、人的因素等因素的影响，本文选择了人的因素作为进行建造研究的切入点。建筑学的理论研究中对于使用中的人比较重视，而对于建造过程中的人很少关注，本文尝试去填补这块空白。由于人同样存在复杂性，关于人的研究领域也十分广泛，本文并没有借用文化、社会等人文领域的相关理论，而是借用人因学、心理学、神经科学等科学领域的研究成果，将人的生理、心理特征和建造活动联系起来。本文重点分析了人的基本能力和局限性对建造活动的影响，探讨了人在建造活动中技能特征，分工协作的形成机制，分析了建筑师角色产生的内在原因。在此理论基础上，以手工业时代、工业化时代、数字化时代三个具有不同建造范式的时代为线索，深入分析了不同的建造范式中人与材料、工具、工艺、建造过程的关系，人的技能、分工角色的变化对建筑发展的影响。本文不仅探讨了人的共性在建造过程中的普遍意义，还分析了人的个性对于建筑审美、建筑艺术价值的影响，以此我们能够发现一些建筑发展的规律性内容。我们从主体建造的视角来理解建筑的同时，也是在加深对人的理解，认识人的主体性与建筑实践、建筑品质的关系，这对于我们建筑教育中人的培养同样有着积极的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are two contexts in the evolution of western architecture. One is aboutthinking, which is close with the humanistic value of the society, history, culture andarts, focusing on the innovation of design concept and the exploration of beauty form.The other one is about making, which is a recessive context, focusing on fabrication tocreate from materials, processes, technology and so on. In China, we have followed thethinking context from western, but have ignored the value of making, so we have falleninto the difficulty of formalism and poor quality of architecture. Facing this dilemma,many architects and scholars are metaphysically thinking back to the ontology withmaking the building, in order to get high-quality and diversification of architecture, andto resist and break those lineages ideological restrictions.On this background, the article makes research on the making of a building.However, the process of making of a building is complex and related to many factors asenvironment, material, technic, economic, society, culture, human and so on. We choosehuman factors as the fundamental point of the research. In architectural theory, morestudies considered human factor as the users of a building but less as the maker of abuilding and this dissertation attempts to study on the latter.There is a wide range of research areas about human, and we did not refer to thetheory of culture and social, but to the research of ergonomics， psychology,neuroscience and other fields of human science. This dissertation integrates human’sphysiological and psychological characteristics into the making, analyzes the basiccapabilities and limitations of the human in the making, and discusses the human skill,the hierarchy of workmanship and the development of the role of architect. Based onthese ideas, it analyzes the relationship between human and materials, tools, processesand etc. in the handicraft age, the machine age and the digital age.This dissertation attempts not only to point out the universal significance of thecommonality of human in making, but also to analyze the influence of humanpersonality on architectural aesthetic and artistic value, from which some regularitycontents are discovered. Consequently, from the perspective of human making, it can beclearly stated that this study on the making of a building is an important way to explorethe relationship between human and the quality of architecture, which is much importance to enlightening for architectural education.更多还原