【作者】 张军；

【导师】 张仁陟；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 生态学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 水资源短缺问题已经成为全球性的问题，影响到各个层次的用水单元，水资源短缺既是资源性，更是管理性的问题。本文针对传统的水资源管理模式效率低下，各自为政的缺陷，以生态足迹和水足迹理论为基础，利用甘肃省水资源公报和甘肃省统计年鉴数据，研究了干旱内陆河疏勒河流域绿洲水资源利用特征，计算了疏勒河流域2003-2010年水资源生态足迹及其承载力、农作物水足迹、畜产品水足迹，并在此基础上提出综合水资源管理模式。得到以下结论：1、疏勒河流域农业用水消耗了整个流域大部分淡水资源。2003-2010年疏勒河流域农业用水生态足迹、工业用水生态足迹、生活用水生态足迹、城镇公共用水生态足迹、生态环境用水生态足迹和总水资源生态足迹分别为2621929.3hm~2、131543.4hm~2、66087.8hm~2、11047.3hm~2、108866.0hm~2和4070441.9hm~2。在疏勒河流域农业用水足迹最大，占总水资源生态足迹的64.4%；其次为工业用水生态足迹，占总水资源生态足迹的3.2%；第三为生态环境用水生态足迹，占总水资源生态足迹的2.7%。说明在疏勒河流域农业用水消耗的整个流域的大部分淡水资源。2、疏勒河流域水资源生态足迹呈现增加态势。2003-2010年疏勒河流域总水足迹、城镇公共用水足迹、农业用水足迹、生活用水足迹整体上呈现出增加态势，生态环境用水足迹2003-2005年增加很多，其主要原因是2003和2004年生态环境用水中没有统计到农村生态环境用水，到2009年呈现持续增加态势，但在2010年又有明显下降。3、2003-2010年疏勒河流域维持生态环境和经济社会可持续发展的能力增强，但水资源负载指数也呈上升趋势。疏勒河流域水资源承载力呈现出波动中增加的趋势，从2003年的0.1539hm~2/人增加至2010年的0.1869hm~2/人，表明疏勒河流域的维持生态环境和经济社会可持续发展的能力增加，其主要原因是疏勒河流域径流量和降水量增加。疏勒河流域生态赤字仍在增加，由2003年4.2467hm~2/人上升至2010年6.2065hm~2/人。表明现有水资源利用方式是不可持续的利用方式。4、2003-2010年疏勒河流域年均蓝水足迹为12.159Gm~3/yr，人均蓝水足迹为2460.76m~3/人。农作物总水足迹、蓝水足迹和绿水足迹均呈现出抛物线型，先增加后减少的趋势。疏勒河流域农作物总水足迹2004-2006年呈现出逐渐增加趋势，2006-2008年相对稳定，2008-2010年呈现逐渐下降趋势。蓝水足迹呈现出与总水足迹相似的特征；绿水足迹2004-2008年持续增加，此后逐渐下降。2004-2010年疏勒河流域总农作物水足迹为26.74Gm~3，其中蓝水足迹为25.16Gm~3、绿水足迹为1.58Gm~3，分别占总水足迹的94.1%和5.9%。说明在疏勒河流域农业消耗了大量的蓝水资源，这与干旱区绿洲农业需要大量灌溉水相联系，表明在疏勒河流域可被农作物利用的降水资源缺乏。5、通过社会因素、经济因素、生态环境因素和技术因素4个方面分析了实现疏勒河流域经济社会和生态环境可持续协调发展战略选择，认为在疏勒河流域实施综合水资源管理是最大限度地实现经济和社会福祉的战略措施，并提出了一水资源生态承载力为基础，以水足迹为管理手段的疏勒河流域综合水资源管理模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The water shortage has become a global problem that affects all levels of waterusers. In this paper,we apply to the theory of ecological footprint and water footprintwith the help of the data from Gansu Water Resources Bulletin,Gansu developmentyeatbook and Gansu Yearbook. We have done some surveys of the characteristics ofarid inland river basin water resources utilization,besides,we have calculated theecological footprint of the Shule River Basin water,crop water footprint,waterfootprint of food production,water resources carrying capacity and ecological deficitin2003-2010. Based on all these surveys,we proposed several measures of themanagement strategy of integrated water resources.The key results are summarized as follows:1. Most of the fresh water resources of the basin are used by the Shule Riveragricultural. From2003to2010,Shule River agricultural water ecologicalfootprint,ecological footprint of industrial water,ecological footprint of dailylife,ecological footprint of urban public water,ecological and environmental waterecological footprint and the ecological footprint of the total water resources are2621929.3hm~2、131543.4hm~2、66087.8hm~2、11047.3hm~2、108866.0hm~2and4070441.9hm~2. In the Shule River basin water,agricultural water footprint,which accounts for64.4%of the total water resources ecological footprint,takes the most. It is followedby the ecological footprint of industrial water,3.2%of the total water resourcesecological footprint,and the ecological footprint of ecological environment water is inthe third place,occupying2.7%of the total number.2.From2003to2010,Shule River ecological footprint of agricultural water,dailylife water ecological footprint,ecological footprint of urban public watersupply,ecological and environmental water ecological footprint and the total waterresources ecological footprint tend to increase,especially the agricultural waterecological footprint,ecological footprint of daily life water,town public water ecological footprint,ecological and environmental water ecological footprint and thetotal water resources ecological footprint increased sharply. Since2005,the degree ofincrease is relatively weak,especially in2009,daily life ecological footprint shows asignificant decline. However,the ecological footprint of industrial water shows acontinuous decline in the fluctuations from2003to2007,and it turns to increase from2008to2010,3. From2003to2010, the ability of Shule River maintaining the ecologicalenvironment and sustainable economic and social development of the Shule RiverBasin water resources has improved. The average carrying capacity of it is only0.1552hm~2/cap during2003-2010. Shule River Basin water resources carrying forceshows an increasing trend in the fluctuations, increased from0.1539hm~2/cap in2003to0.1869hm~2/cap in2010,the carrying capacity of water resources in2004keeps aminimum of0.1341hm~2/cap,and in2010,Water Resources Carrying Capacity reachesits max.But Shule River ecological deficit is still increasing,raising from4.2467hm~2/cap in2003to6.2065hm~2/cap in2010.4. The blue water footprint was12.159Gm~3/yr,and blue water footprint perperson is2460.76m~3/person in2003-2010the Shule river basin. Total crop greenwater and blue water footprint and water footprint footprints are showing a parabolic,increased after decreased trend. The total water footprint of crops presents a graduallyincreasing tendency from2004to2006, and relatively stable from2006-2008,andgradual decline in2008-2010. The blue water footprint shows the characteristics ofsimilar to the total water footprint; Green water footprint continues to grow from2004to2008. The total water footprint of crops was26.74Gm~3, the blue water footprint ofcrops was25.16Gm~3and green water footprint crops was1.58Gm~3, accounted for94.1%and5.9%. That showed the agriculture consumes a lot of blue water resources,and he arid area oasis agriculture needs a large number of irrigation water.5. We have analyzed the sustainable and coordinated development of strategicchoice to achieve economic,social and ecological environment of the Shule River bysocial factors,economic factors,ecological environment and technical factors,then wehave made a conclusion,that is,the implementation of integrated water resources management in the Shule River is the best way to achieve economic and socialwell-being.更多还原