【作者】 黄文华；

【导师】 杨豪中；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 建筑学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 当代中国正在发生着深刻地变化，在我们的生活质量得到明显改善的同时也感受到了现代化带给我们文化上的一种冲击、断裂和失落。近些年来，随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，人们开始重新认识和解读民族文化，要了解中国的传统文化，就得了解汉字。中华民族的先民们用整体的思维创造了汉文，说汉语、写汉字，又培养了我们同样的思维，而楹联恰恰是最能体现我们祖先们将汉字、文学、书法、意境和建筑空间相结合的天衣无缝的文化载体之一。本课题以关中地区的明清建筑楹联为主要研究对象。所谓“楹联”，就是悬挂在建筑正面明间正贴柱子上的联句，“楹”指古建筑明间前部门前的两根柱子，“联”指联句或联语，是由两个工整的对偶句构成的独立语句。楹联集文学、书法、篆刻艺术于一身，是绝大部分明清建筑的重要组成部分。本课题以文化人类学的研究方法为主，结合建筑类型学、建筑符号学的理论与方法。通过对实地调研资料与历史文献的解读，对关中地区明清建筑楹联上的文法、书法、章法和刀法以及在对楹联本体进行研究的基础上，再对楹联与明清建筑关系进行研究，这其中包括楹联对建筑空间的创造，楹联对建筑意境的营造，建筑为楹联的感发提供契机，建筑是楹联依附的载体，楹联在明清建筑中的功能、作用与价值等等。明清建筑楹联的类型、特征、制作工艺、历史发展轨迹等为明清建筑文化的研究提供了一个新的视角，为楹联和明清建筑相互依存及发展关系提出新的认识和见解。建筑楹联整体创造了秩序空间；楹联幅式创造了视觉空间；楹联书法创造了知觉空间。楹联在明清建筑中具有文化传承、道德教化、文艺审美、愉悦性情、记事写史、说明揭示、渲染氛围和游戏娱乐等功能。楹联在明清建筑中具有指导营建、点题立意、咏史怀古、情景交融、托物言志、借景喻理、扩展空间和装饰建筑等非常重要的作用。楹联在明清建筑中具有历史价值、审美价值、旅游价值和经济价值。除此之外，本课题的研究还得出了建设楹联数据库的的五个结构层次等成果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Contemporary China is undergoing profound changes, significant improvement in thequality of our lives and also feel modernization to bring an impact on our culture, breakageand loss. In recent years, with the vigorous development of the Chinese economy, the peoplebegan to re-understanding and interpretation of the national culture, to understand thetraditional culture of China, you have to understand the Chinese characters. Thinking of theforefathers of the Chinese nation as a whole to create Chinese, speak Chinese, write Chinesecharacters, but also to cultivate the same thinking, couplets exactly is the best manifestation ofour ancestors are Chinese characters, literature, calligraphy, mood and architectural space. theseamless integration of one of the carrier of culture. Subject to the Ming and Qingarchitectural couplets Guanzhong area as the main object of study. So-called "couplets" ishanging in the facade Ming positive paste the the joint sentence pillars,"Ying" refers to thetwo pillars in front of the ancient buildings Ming ago,"Lian" refers to the associated sentenceor joint language, by two neat of even an independent sentence statement. Couplets setliterature, calligraphy, seal cutting art-in-one is an important part of most of the Ming andQing architecture.The subject mainly to cultural anthropology research methods, combined with thetheories and methods of building typology, architectural semiotics. Interpretation of fieldsurvey data and historical documents, off in the Ming and Qing architectural couplets on thegrammar, calligraphy, the rules and knife, as well as on the basis of the couplets body researchcouplets with Ming and Qing architectural relationship study, this includes couplets creationof architectural space, couplets create, building construction mood and feel of the couplets hair provides an opportunity to building couplets attached to the carrier, the function, role andvalue of couplets in the Ming and Qing architecture.Ming and Qing architectural couplets types, characteristics, production process, thehistorical development trajectory of the Ming and Qing architectural culture research providesa new perspective for the couplets and Ming and Qing architectural interdependent anddevelop relations to propose a new understanding and insights. The buildings the coupletsoverall create order and space; the couplets banner to create visual space; couplets ofcalligraphy to create the perception of space. Couplets in the Ming and Qing architecturalcultural heritage, moral education, literature and art aesthetic, pleasant temperament, Notepadto write the history of the reveal, rendering the atmosphere and game entertainment. Coupletswith the guidance of construction in the Ming and Qing architectural certainly use purposiveode to history nostalgia, blending of scenes and feelings, with things to explain their ambition,by scenery analogy truth, a very important role to expand the space and decorativearchitecture. Couplets in the Ming and Qing buildings of historical value, aesthetic value,tourism and economic value. In addition, the study of this subject come to the outcome of thefive structural levels of the building couplets database.China has a long history, with a variety of cultural heritage. Couplets and the Ming andQing architecture is an important part of the cultural heritage, the witness of the history of ourcountry and an important part of the Chinese culture, contains the Chinese nation uniquespiritual values, ways of thinking, imagination, cultural awareness, and to create a concept,which embodies China the nation’s vitality and creativity. Research, conservation, and makegood use of the Ming and Qing architectural couplets, inherit and carry forward the nation’soutstanding create concepts and traditional culture, the promotion of national unity andsafeguard national unity, and enhance national confidence and cohesion, and promote theconstruction of socialist spiritual civilization have important and far-reaching sense!更多还原