【作者】 李保华；

【导师】 和红星；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 在当今中国日新月异的城市化进程中，一系列沉重的城市交通问题已成为城市发展过程中的瓶颈。城市交通需求总量迅猛增长，石油等不可再生能源逐步枯竭，大量汽车尾气致使城市生态环境日益恶化，交通拥堵成为生活的常态，城市活动效率急剧下降。如何从理论及实践层面帮助解决城市交通问题，减少不可再生能源消耗，降低污染，提高城市的运营效率，是当今城市发展亟待解决的问题，也是我们面临的严峻课题。本文结合城市规划和城市交通两个领域，就低碳交通引导下的城市空间布局模式及优化策略做一探讨，以期找到解决城市发展过程中交通问题的对策。在科学理论——技术策略——工程实践三元论框架的指导下，本文从低碳交通、低碳交通引导下的城市空间布局模式及其优化策略三个方面，进行了多层次、多角度的探讨，并以郑州为例，对其低碳交通系统的构建和空间布局的优化提出了建议。低碳城市交通理论层面：首先探讨低碳城市交通的系统性，接着探讨低碳交通的相关要素和城市相关要素的关联性，并分析城市交通系统和人体经络系统相似性，提出了构建低碳城市交通系统的具体途径。在此基础上，探讨了各个层次城市空间对应低碳交通类别及其作用，即城市群城际轨道交通——低碳交通主导因素、城市公共交通——低碳交通决定因素、街区慢行交通——低碳交通支撑因素，并对城市公共交通运营满意度和节点、线路、线网的联合优化等方面进行了重点研究。城市空间及效率评价模型理论层面：对城市群空间、城市空间、街区空间的相关要素进行探讨，以及对影响各个层次城市空间效率的因素进行量化研究，重点研究了城市空间效率评价模型和街区空间效率评价模型各因子分值大小的确定，尝试建立多层次城市空间效率的评价模型，得出交通因素在各个层次城市空间的运行机理及特征，并以郑州现状为例对城市空间效率评价模型进行了实证研究。城市空间布局模式技术层面：依据各个层次城市空间对应低碳交通的类别及作用，综合分析多层次城市空间效率评价模型中与交通相关因素的运行机制及对空间效率的影响，提出了低碳交通引导下的多层次城市空间布局模式，即城市群空间布局模式——城际相连模式、城市空间布局模式——公交便达模式、城市街区空间布局模式——慢行友好模式，并对使用各种空间布局模式应达到的效果以及在使用过程中应权衡的问题等方面进行了探讨。城市空间布局优化策略技术层面：依据多层次城市空间布局模式，并以提高多层次城市空间效率评价模型中相关因子数值为目标的基础上，提出了多层次城市空间布局优化策略，即城市群空间布局优化策略——城际轨道交通引导区域一体化、促使各种资源高效无障碍的流通、构建被自然生态分割的群簇式城市群空间布局模式；城市空间布局优化策略——城市空间布局形和量的优化、城市空间布局质的优化、城市空间布局内部作用机理的优化、低碳城市交通结构和城市空间结构的有效结合；城市街区空间布局优化策略——街区空间设计要素的穿插渗透、街区空间功能使用的融合共生、街区空间发展规划的预留控制。构建低碳城市交通系统实践层面：提出了在以郑州为中心的中原城市群空间层次构建“高效、快速、准时”的城际轨道交通体系，在郑州市区空间层次构建“通畅、便达、雅致”的城市公共交通体系，在郑州街区空间层次构建“安全、宜人、方便”的城市慢行交通体系的优化建议。城市空间布局模式引导城市空间布局优化实践层面：结合各层次的城市空间布局模式，提出了郑州市域城镇群空间结构布局应“整体协调、重点突出”，市区空间结构布局应“结构清晰、运营高效”，街区空间结构布局应“步行友好、方便出行”的优化建议，并对郑州市区的城市空间效率和龙子湖商务内环区的街区空间效率进行了空间优化后的量化研究，用以证明空间效率评价模型的实用性以及城市空间布局模式存在的合理性。论文的结论部分指出功能性城市交通是解决城市交通问题难以跨越的门槛，在分析目前城市交通中缺乏文化和安全意识的基础上，提出了交通、城市规划和城市文化三个领域联合研究应是今后解决交通问题的研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the rapid process of urbanization in China, a series of heavy city trafficproblems has become the bottleneck in the process of city development. City trafficdemand is growing rapidly, oil and other non-renewable energies are gradually dryingup, a large number of automobile exhaust is deteriorating the city ecologicalenvironment more and more, traffic congestion has become normal life activities, andthe efficiency has been declined sharply in the city. How to solve the city trafficproblem from theoretical and practical perspectives, i.e., how to reduce theconsumption of non-renewable energy, how to reduce pollution, and how to improvethe operation efficiency of the city, is an serious issue that we are facing and itrequires urgent solution. Therefore, this paper attempts to discuss city space layoutmode and the optimization strategy under low carbon traffic guidance in the fieldscity planning and city traffic, so that the countermeasures to solve the traffic problemsin the city development can be found.In the three-element theory framework of Science Theory, Technology Strategyand Engineering Practice, this paper conducts a multi-level and multi-angle discussionfrom three aspects, i.e., low carbon traffic, city space layout model under low carbontraffic guidance and optimization strategy. Taking Zhengzhou as an example, it putsforward suggestions on establishing a low carbon transportation system andoptimizing the spatial layout mode.On the level of Low Carbon Transport Theory, the paper first discusses thesystem of low carbon city traffic, and then discusses the relationship between relevant elements of the low carbon transportation and relevant elements of the city, and thesimilarity between city traffic system and the human body main and collateralchannels system, and finally puts forward an concrete approach to the construction oflow carbon city traffic system. Based on that, the paper explores various low-carbontransports and their functions, namely city group of Intercity Rail Transit--lowcarbon transport leading factor, city public transportation--low carbon trafficdecisive factors, block slow traffic--low carbon transportation supporting factors.Meanwhile, the study on the degree of satisfaction with city public transport operationand the joint optimization of node, line and line network are emphasized.On the level of the urban space layout and the efficiency mode of the urban spacetheory, the paper explores into the factors relevant to the space of urbanagglomeration, urban space, and block space and an quantitative research isconducted on factors affecting all levels of urban space efficiency. Research is mainlyfocused on the efficiency evaluation model of city space and block space efficiencyevaluation model of size to determine the factor scores. We try to create models of alllevels of urban space efficiency evaluation and find out the operation mechanism andfeatures of traffic factors in all levels of urban space. Taking zhengzhou as an example ofurban space efficiency appraisal model has carried on the empirical research.On the level of low-carbon transport under the guidance of urban space layoutmode, based on all levels of urban space corresponding to the category and functionof low-carbon transport efficiency evaluation model,in the comprehensive analysis ofmulti-level urban space and associated with traffic factors, operating mechanism theeffectwe. we put forward the modes of urban space layout in all levels under thelow-carbon transport guidance, namely, the urban agglomeration spatial layoutmode the linked by high-speed rail mode, the urban space layout mode thebus extend easily mode, the city block space layout mode the slow-walkfriendly mode. And also we have a discussion about the effect that these spatial layoutmodes should acquire as well as the problems that should be weighed in the use ofthese modes.On the level of technology of city space layout optimization strategy under theguidance of low carbon transport. According to the multi-level urban space layout model, on the basis of improving the efficiency of multi-level urban space relevantfactors in the evaluation model of numerical value as the goal. We put forward thecity space layout optimization strategies on all levels on the basis of the research onthe establishing grounds for the city space layout optimization strategies on all levels,namely the city group space layout optimization strategy, which can make all kinds ofresources circulate with high efficiency, and by which we can build a mode thatgroup-clustered urban spatial layout is segmented by the natural ecology and aflattening construction of information network structure; the strategy of the city spacelayout optimization, by which the city space layout mode can be optimized in form,quantity, quality and internal working mechanism and low carbon city traffic structureand the city spatial structure can be combined well; and the city block spatial layoutoptimization strategy, by which block space design elements can be penetrated, thespace functions can be reconciled and the block spatial development planning can becontrolled forhead.On the level of theoretical research and engineering practice guided by technicaldesign, as far as low carbon city traffic system optimization in Zhongyuan city groupand Zhengzhou City is concerned, we suggest constructing an efficient, fast,punctual inter-city transit system in the central city group space level withZhengzhou as the center, building a unobstucted, extend, elegant public transportsystem in Zhengzhou urban space level, and constructing a safe, convenient,pleasant slow traffic system in Zhengzhou district space level.On the level of practice of city space layout optimization strategy,in the mode ofoptimizing city space layout pattern in Zhengzhou city under the low carbon trafficguidance, we put forward the following optimization suggestions: Zhengzhou cityurban agglomeration spatial structure layout should be coordinated as a whole andfocused on key points, the urban spatial structure layout should be clear in structureand be efficient in operation, and city block space layout should bepedestrian-friendly and travel-convenient.In the conclusion part of the thesis, we point out that the functional city traffic isa threshold difficult to cross in solving the city traffic problem, and on the basis of theanalysis of the lack of culture and safety consciousness in current city traffic, we point out that the joint study of the three fields, i.e., traffic, city planning and city cultureshould be the direction of future research to solve the traffic problems. The efficiencyof Zhenghou and the block space of Longzihu business is optimized quantitativeresearch, the evidence of the space efficiency evaluation model is practical, and therationality of urban space layout pattern is discussed.更多还原