【作者】 张滨楠；

【导师】 张庆普；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 在信息化时代，科学研究已经从“小科学”时代进入“大科学”时代，科学研究的方式则呈现出实验技术手段的复杂性和学科联合攻关的综合性趋势。这对科研人员和科研管理者都提出了新的、更高的要求。高校科研创新团队，尤其是研究型大学的科研创新团队以其在人才、学科和资源上的优势，不断形成和培育了自身的核心竞争力，成为国家创新体系的重要组成部分。研究型大学科研竞争优势的创建和维持取决于科研创新团队的知识管理效率。在团队知识管理的过程中必须充分挖掘科研创新团队的知识资本、实现知识有效转移、共享，促进知识创造和科研创新。目前，在理论层面对于知识管理过程中知识的传播、转移、共享等问题关注较多，而对于知识的识别、保存、积累、流失等问题关注较少。对于科研创新与知识积累、知识流失关系的研究也不够系统和深入。现实层面团队知识流失的现象十分严重，数据显示因知识流失造成的经济损失数据惊人。基于以上问题作者提出了知识存续问题，拟对研究型大学科研创新团队知识存续问题进行研究，以丰富和完善知识管理的理论与方法，为科研创新团队的具体实践提供参考。在对知识转移与知识共享，知识积累与知识存储，知识流失与知识保护等理论文献的研究基础上，对本文的核心概念知识存续的内涵作了明确的阐述，对知识存续与知识存储、知识积累、知识保护的关系进行对比分析。在深入剖析研究型大学科研创新及科研创新过程中知识特点的基础上，从团队知识存续的内容、知识存续的主体、知识存续的弹性等角度详细分析了知识存续的内涵。团队知识存续是研究型大学科研创新团队从事科学研究的基础，是团队获取竞争优势的关键因素。对我国研究型大学科研创新团队知识存续的现状与存在的问题进行详细的梳理和分析。运用结构方程分析研究型大学科研创新团队知识存续影响因素以及知识存续对团队科研创新的影响，分析其中的关联性和相互制约关系。基于研究型大学科研创新的基本工作流程和任务匹配，从个体与个体、个体与小团体、小团体与团队三个层面和隐性知识和显性知识两个维度分析了团队知识存续的实现路径。探讨了知识存续得以实现的支持机制，分别讨论了团队知识存续内在发生机制、外在动力机制、技术支持机制和制度约束机制，并在此基础上构建了研究型大学科研创新团队知识存续综合机制模型。为了防止因人员流失导致的团队知识存续问题，运用logistic方程研究一般情况下团队知识存续模型，通过存续成本计算，给出团队稳定科研产出的条件和防止团队知识过度流失的解决方案，为团队持续稳定的科研产出提供可行方案。选择某研究型大学典型案例构建了研究型大学科研创新团队知识存续的社会网络，运用社会网络分析方法对该网络的结构及特征进行分析。以集合论为基础，对团队的知识进行了解构，根据团队不同生命周期知识存续的不同特点提出了累加式、整合式、复合式和选择式的动态管理方式，并通过具体案例进行了佐证。最后针对前文影响因素结构方程模型分析、知识存续支持机制研究、社会网络分析、团队生命周期知识存续动态管理的研究结果提出研究型大学科研创新团队知识存续改进策略。通过以上研究，构建了一套较为完整的知识存续理论研究构架，提供了研究方法上的参考，丰富了知识管理的研究内容，进一步拓展了知识管理的研究领域。知识存续问题是科研创新团队知识管理实践中长期存在的问题，本研究的完成，能够为研究型大学科研创新团队知识管理服务，普遍提高团队知识使用效率和创新水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the information age, scientific research has changed from little science to bigscience. Methods of scientific research tend to be complex in experimentation andcomprehensive in subjects combination. An advanced requirement is raised forresearchers and research managers. Scientific research teams in high school, especiallyin research universities, gradually form their own core power by their advantages intalents, subjects and resources, important part of national innovation system.The establishing and maintaining of scientific research competitive advantagesdepends on the knowledge managing efficiency of scientific research innovation team.Knowledge capital, realization of knowledge transferring and sharing of the team mustbe fully dug to promote knowledge creation and science research innovation in theprocess of knowledge management. At present, transmission, transferring and sharing ofknowledge in managing process are paid more attention from academic layer. However,source of knowledge management, identification, storing, accumulating and loss ofknowledge attract little attention. The relationship among research innovation,knowledge acumination and knowledge loss are not studied fully. In realistic layerknowledge loss is general. Figures show economic loss caused by knowledge loss isstriking. Knowledge storage and preserving is put forward to study in researchuniversities, in order to enrich and perfect the theories and methods of knowledge toguide specific practice for innovation teams.Based on the study of theoretical documents on knowledge transferring and sharing,knowledge accumulation and storage, and knowledge loss and knowledge protection,connotation of knowledge storage and preserving is elaborated, and relationships amongknowledge storage and preserving, knowledge accumulation and knowledge protectionare analyzed comparatively. Content, subject and elasticity of team knowledge areanalyzed detailed based on powerful discussion about knowledge characteristics inresearch universities.Team knowledge storage and preserving is the foundation of scientific research forscientific research innovation team in research universities, and is the key factor for theteam to get competitive advantage. Current situation and problems of scientific researchinnovation teams in Chinese research universities are tidied and analyzed in great detail.Effect factors of knowledge storage and preserving of Scientific research innovationteam in research universities, effect of knowledge storage and preserving on team scienceresearch innovation and their relations are analyzed with structural equation. Based on basic procedure and job matching of scientific research innovation team inresearch universities, from the layers of individual and individual, individual and littlegroup, and little group and team, model is established from implicit knowledge andexplicit knowledge. Realization methods of knowledge storage and preserving from alllayers are analyzed, and support mechanism of knowledge storage and preserving isdiscussed. Internal mechanism, external dynamic mechanism, technical supportmechanism and system constraint mechanism of team knowledge storage and preservingare discussed separated. Then mechanism of knowledge storage and preserving issystematically analyzed and models are constructed. Based on logistic equations for thegeneral case established the model of knowledge storage and preserving. Given the teamstability research output condition and prevent the excessive loss of team knowledgesolutions to provide practical solutions for sustainable and stable output of scientificresearch team.Social network of knowledge storage and preserving is established with the case ofsome research university. Structure and characters of the network are analyzed withsocial network analysis method. Based on set theory, team knowledge is framed and life-circle is divided into formation period, developing period, mature period andtransformation period. Targeted strategies are suggested combing with specific case andteam knowledge is dynamically managed pointing at different characters of teamknowledge storage and preserving in every period.Finally improving strategies are put forward combining with analysis of structuralequation model, support mechanism research of knowledge storage and preserving ofscientific research innovation team in research universities, social network analysis anddynamic managing study based on life-circle theory of scientific research innovationteam in research universities.Through the above study, theory and method of knowledge storage and preservingare filled out and developed to promote knowledge management and perfect managementtheory on the one hand; constructive ideas for the promotion of scientific researchinnovation ability are provided, in order to commonly advance knowledge use efficiencyand innovation level and guide specific practice of the team.更多还原