【作者】 李栋；

【导师】 夏新林；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 工程热物理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 汽油、柴油、乙醇、煤油等液态碳氢燃料属于具有光谱选择性的半透明介质，在航空航天、能源动力、化工等领域得到广泛应用。其吸收指数、折射率等光谱性质参数是燃烧、高温热转换、红外测量等过程研究和设计分析的基础数据。获取液态碳氢燃料的光谱性质参数数据对相关技术发展具有重要意义。本文以透射法实验获取液态碳氢燃料的红外光谱性质参数为目标，对中高温透射光谱测量的实验技术、基于光谱透射比测量数据的吸收指数和折射率反演求解模型、封装窗口材料和典型液态碳氢燃料的红外光谱性质参数分析进行了研究。主要研究内容包括以下四方面：1.基于光谱透射比的多层半透明介质光谱性质反演模型与求解方法研究。在分析传统双厚度法和基于KK关系式的单厚度法的基础上，考察了高阶反射项、窗口表面反射率等参数对反演精度的影响。提出了IDTM模型，将双厚度法扩展应用于窗口-液态碳氢燃料-窗口组成的三层半透明结构。通过计算分析，研究了该模型的适用范围及实验偏差的影响。2.样品封装窗口材料的光谱性质研究。通过实验测量与反演求解，获得了石英、硒化锌等典型红外窗口材料在0.83μm~21μm波段的常温光谱性质参数与2μm~15μm波段的中温（373K和423K）光谱性质参数，分析了材料的红外光谱透过性能及温度的影响，为液体碳氢燃料样品封装设计提供了依据。3.液态碳氢燃料中高温透射光谱测量实验技术研究。设计了液体碳氢燃料样品封装结构与加热装置，结合激光器、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等仪器，建立了具有中高温加热功能的红外透射光谱实验测量系统。通过数值模拟，研究了恒温箱内部热环境及光学窗口的瞬态加热特性，分析了加热温度、腔内壁发射率、窗口半透明特性和窗口外表面换热条件等相关因素的影响。4.典型液态碳氢燃料的红外光谱性质实验测量与分析。以纯水为对象，实验测量其光谱透射比，反演计算其吸收指数、折射率数据，通过与文献数据比较，验证了实验测量与反演分析的可靠性。在此基础上，实验测量了乙醇、-35#柴油、普通煤油和RP-3航空煤油样品在2μm~15μm波段范围内的红外透射光谱；并结合反演计算，进一步获得了相应的光谱吸收指数和折射率数据。初步分析了温度对RP-3航空煤油红外光谱性质的影响。通过本文研究，初步建立了基于透射法测量液态碳氢燃料中高温光谱性质的实验装置，获得了四种典型液态碳氢燃料部分区域的红外光谱性质参数，为进一步研究液态碳氢燃料光谱性质奠定了基础，为相关技术领域的工程设计及热分析提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Liquid hydrocarbon fuels including gasoline, diesel oil, ethanol and kerosene, belong toa kind of semitransparent medium. The properties of liquid hydrocarbon fuels are importantfor research of spaceflight, power and energy, chemical production. The infrared spectralparameters of liquid hydrocarbon fuels include absorption index and refractive index. Thoseparameters are the basic data of heat transfer simulation and thermal design in combustionsimulation, high thermal exchange and infrared measurement, etc. The study of the infraredspectral parameters of liquid hydrocarbon fuels plays an important role in relativetechnology.On the basis of transmittance method, the infrared spectral properties of liquidhydrocarbon fuels were studied. High temperature measuring technique of transmittedspectrum is established. Based on measured date of spectral transmittance, inversionmodeling was established. The parameters of the infrared spectral properties forencapsulation window materials and typical liquid hydrocarbon fuels were analyzed.The main work of in this dissertation includes the following four aspects.1. Investigation on the inversion modeling and solving method of multi-layersemitransparent materials based on the infrared spectral properties. The traditional doublethickness method and single thickness method based on KK relations were investigated, andthen effects of high order reflection item and variety of window reflection werequantificationally studied. The IDTM model was proposed, and the double thickness methodwas introduced and improved so that the method can be applied three-layer configuration ofwindow-liquid hydrocarbon-window that is similar with sandwich. The applications oftheoretical inversion methods and the effect characteristics of experimental errors on modelwere summarized based on calculation analysis.2. The spectral properties of materials of sample encapsulation window wereexperimental studied. The spectral parameters of materials of typical infrared windowswere studied, such as quartz and Zinc selenide in wavelength0.83μm~21μm and airtemperature, in wavelength2μm~15μm and medium temperature that is respectively373K and423K,based on experimental measurement and inversion calculation. Theeffects of spectra and temperature on spectral characteristics of infrared window wereinvestigated. The studied results supply the help for designing the liquid hydrocarbonfuel encapsulation.3. The measurement technology of spectral transmittance of hydrocarbon fuels inmedium and high temperature was studied. The sample encapsulation configuration of liquid hydrocarbon fuel and heating equipments were designed. The measurement equipments ofspectral transmittance that can operate in medium and high temperature were designed andconstructed, which include laser sources and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Thethermal environment in constant temperature chest and the transient heating characteristicsof sample optical cell were numerical studied, and the effects on thermal environment andtransient heating characteristics were investigated, which include heating temperature,emissivity, the semitransparent characteristics of window material, and heat exchangeconditions of outer surface of window, etc.4. The experimental measurement and analysis of the infrared spectral parameters oftypical liquid hydrocarbon fuels were studied. Firstly, the optical constants of water werestudied. The spectral transmittances of water were experimental measured, and theabsorption index and refractive index were attained by the inversion calculation, and thefeasibility of measurement operation and inversion methods were validated based oncompared with the data of literature. The infrared transmittance spectra of typical liquidhydrocarbon fuels were investigated in wavelength2μm~15μm, which include aviationkerosene RP-3, common kerosene,-35#diesel oil and ethanol. And the infrared spectralparameters include the absorption index and refractive index of typical liquid hydrocarbonfuels were attained based on inversion calculation. The effect of temperature on the infraredspectral parameters of liquid hydrocarbon fuels aviation kerosene RP-3was studied.By the investigations in this thesis, high temperature measuring equipment of spectralproperties of hydrocarbon fuels in medium and high temperature environment based ontransmittance method was built. The infrared spectral parameters of four kinds of typicalliquid hydrocarbon fuels in limited wavelength range were attained. The study can promotethe development of infrared spectral parameters of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. The basicparameters of liquid hydrocarbon fuel can help the application of thermal engineering designand quantitative research of heat transfer.更多还原