【作者】 郝胜兰；

【导师】 季水河；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 21世纪中美文化的交流，让文化影响不再单向。在西方文化持续影响亚洲文化的同时，西方文化也受到亚洲文化多方面的影响。近些年，这种影响在好莱坞电影中显而易见。中国文化符号广泛见诸好莱坞电影，其中“功夫形象”更是在美国刮起了又一轮中国风。好莱坞中国“功夫形象”是我们研究中美文化冲突和融合的最佳载体，对于我们研究西方社会的中国文化认同具有重要的价值和意义。此外，好莱坞中国“功夫形象”也能折射出中国人形象在美国文化语境中的微妙变化。中国“功夫形象”，20世纪初期在大陆萌芽，30年代至60年代在香港发展，70年代至90年代传播到海外，21世纪在好莱坞立足。好莱坞中国“功夫形象”主要有恶魔坏蛋形象、现代英雄形象、古代仙侠形象三种类型；在“男性气质”的建构上，经历了由从属型到对抗型再向共谋型的转变，在“性”方面一直具有“禁欲主义”色彩，也保留了“敏捷”、“刻苦”、“坚韧”、“克制”等独特的东方男性气质。好莱坞中国“功夫形象”的产生，至少有两方面的原因：其一，它是社会集体想象的产物，是历史“套话”的延续和突破，也是美国意识形态与乌托邦的混合和隐喻。其二，它是电影市场全球化的产物，其产生不仅与好莱坞的市场扩张相关，还与香港电影走向世界的战略要求相符。中国“功夫形象”能在好莱坞倍受青睐并获得一定的话语权，能成为全球最流行的中国人形象之一，在于它所蕴含的价值和意义：中国“功夫形象”审美价值独特，为好莱坞动作电影注入了新鲜血液。“功夫形象”在电影舞台上的武舞表演，是一种视觉奇观，是“壮美”与“优美”的交融，是音韵与节奏的结合，呈现出传统西方动作片所没有的动作之美。“功夫形象”还将暴力“诗意化”和“幽默化”，不仅消解了血腥与残酷，更赋予了动作电影风格之美。好莱坞中国“功夫形象”承载了中美文化价值观，是赋有“儒释道”中国传统文化色彩的个人英雄主义典范，是中美文化精神的融合体。作为世界最受欢迎的中国文化符号，它不仅延伸了美国英雄主义的能指范畴，其体现的中国侠义精神更深化了美国英雄主义的所指内涵。就中国文化传播而言，“功夫形象”同样功不可没。它扩大了中国文化的传播范围、增强了中国文化的传播效果，为促进异质文化的交流与认同做出了重要贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cultural exchanges between China and the United States in the21st century hadput an end to one-way cultural influence. When it continuously influences uponAsian culture, western culture is also influenced by Asian culture in all aspects. Inrecent years, this influence has been conspicuous in Hollywood movies. Chinesecultural symbols have widely appeared in Hollywood movies, especially the Chinese"kung fu image" which brings about another craze of Chinese culture. As the bestcarrier of disquisition on the conflict and integration of Chinese and Americancultures, Chinese "kung fu image" in Hollywood is significant and valuable to thestudy on China cultural identity in the western world. Furthermore, it can also reflectsubtle changes of Chinese image in American cultural context.Chinese "kung fu image" germinated in China mainland in the early20thcentury, developed in Hong Kong from the1930s to1960s, spread overseas from the1970s to the1990s, and had a foothold in Hollywood in the21st century. Chinese"kung fu image" in Hollywood primarily includes evils,"modern heros"as well asancient chivalrous men. In view of masculinity construction, it witnessed anevolution from the subordination, the antagonising to the collusion, showed theobvious tendency of asceticism, and remained unique oriental masculinities such asagility, diligence, tenacity and restraint. For the creation of Chinese "kung fu image"in Hollywood, there are at least two reasons. Firstly, Chinese "kung fu image" inHollywood is the imaginary social, the continuation and the breakthrough of"stereotype", the hybrid and metaphor of American ideology and utopia. Secondly,Chinese "kung fu image" in Hollywood is the product of the globalized film market.Its emergence is related to market expansion of Hollywood and fits the strategicrequirements for the internationalization of Hong Kong film. That Chinese "kung fuimage" can be heavily favored by Hollywood enjoys certain discourse power inHollywood and become one of the most popular Chinese images, is closelyassociated with its significance and value contained. Because of its unique aestheticsvalue, Chinese "kung fu image" injects fresh blood into action movies of Hollywood.Martial art dance performances of "kung fu image" on the stage are visual wonders,the combination of magnificence and elegance, and the unity of rhyme and tempo.They present "the beauty in actions" which is rare in traditional western action movies. That “Kung fu image” makes violence "poetic" and "humorous" can notonly eliminate bloodiness and cruelty, but also endow the action movies with thebeauty formed in the unique style. Chinese "kung fu image" in Hollywood, whichcarries Chinese and American culture value, is the typical individualistic hero withChinese traditional cultural characteristic, and was the fusion of Chinese andAmerican cultural spirits. Chinese "kung fu image" in Hollywood, as the favoriteChinese culture symbol, has not only extended the signifier sphere of Americanheroism, but also deepens the connotations of American heroism because of theChinese chivalrous spirit included. For the scope of Chinese culture,"kung fuimage" has also made its undeniable contributions. It has enlarged the spread scopeof Chinese culture, heightened effects of such cultural transmission. Moreover, it hasplayed an important role in promoting conversation and identification betweendifferent cultures.更多还原