【作者】 曹华政；

【导师】 李智勇；

【作者基本信息】 中国林业科学研究院 ， 生态学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 中小企业在我国经济社会发展中具有重要战略地位。林业中小企业对改善生态环境、增加国民收入、丰富林产品市场、扩大社会就业等方面做出了突出的贡献。随着全球森林资源日益减少，生态环境不断恶化，国际社会对林业在维护人类生存所具有的特殊作用的认识日益深化，林业在国际政治、经济领域的地位日益凸现。同时，林业作为重要的公益事业和基础产业，承担着生态建设和林产品供给的重要任务，在国民经济和社会发展全局中居于战略地位。由于林业是弱质性产业，林业生产周期长，经济效益见效慢、资金回收时间长，众多的林业中小企业承受着雨雪冰冻灾害等自然灾害风险，林业中小企业运营风险大，收益不确定。因此，林业中小企业面临着严重的信贷约束，融资困难已成为制约林业中小企业发展的瓶颈。林业中小企业融资既有一般中小企业遇到的普遍难题，又有自己特殊的难题。本文在系统分析中小企业融资的理论基础上，从林业投资总量、林业投资结构、林业投融资主体结构、林业资本市场发展、政府及社会融资服务等方面客观地对目前我国林业中小企业融资存在的主要问题进行详细的经济学分析和深层次探讨。通过研究美国、日本、德国等国家支持林业中小企业融资的经验做法，从中得出对我国林业中小企业融资的启示。通过对债券融资和股票融资、林权抵押贷款、林业贴息贷款、政策性贷款等我国林业中小企业融资创新进行实证分析，提出了创造良好的法律环境支持林业中小企业融资、实施积极扶持林业中小企业的财政税收政策、拓宽林业中小企业的直接融资渠道、完善林业中小企业的间接融资机制、建立和完善多元化的林业中小企业信用担保体系、完善政策性森林保险、大力推广集体林权抵押贷款模式、林业中小企业加强自身建设等改善林业中小企业融资困境的对策建议。指出逐步构建以政策性金融为主体，以商业性金融为补充的林业中小企业融资体系，从直接融资和间接融资两个方面支持林业中小企业融资。本文的创新之处在于从生态效益和社会效益研究林业中小企业的融资问题，从公共产品和准公共产品的角度研究林业中小企业的产品属性，提出政策性金融在支持林业中小企业发展中的主体地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) takes a key position in the development of nationaleconomy. The SME development is a foundation of national economy development and standsa strategic position closely related with livelihood and society stability. SME is playing a keyrole in economy development, employment conditions creation, deepening reform andopening up, improving people’s living standard and building up a well-off society in aall-round way.As the decreasing of global forests resources, the continuous deterioration, the globalclimate warming, international society is deepening understanding the maintenance of specialfunction of human existence; forests have been playing a key position in international politicaland economic position. As a key public welfare undertaking and foundation industry, forestsafford ecological construction and agriculture products supplies and play a strategic position innational economy and society development. Due to forestry weakness, long business cycle,low economy payoff and high investment risk, many forestry SME are facing weather andnature disaster and market risk, SME is not able to receive payoff in short term. Moreover,high operation risk and instable profit make many SME facing bankruptcy or fall in business.Therefore, SME is facing serious credit crunch.This article introduces related theories with SME financing including the financingstructure theory,analyses SME financing situation in our country. Based on the definition offorestry SME,analyses the main problems in our forestry SME financing conditions deeplyand in a whole economic picture. Though the research of American, Japan and Germanforestry SME financing experience,we could draw some inspiration. Forestry SME financingcreation and includes four sections: bond financing and stocks financing, forestry rightmortgage loan,discount loan,policy-orientated loan. Forestry SME practice stock and bondmarket financing,forestry right mortgage loan, discount loan, policy-orientated bank loan jointly with forestry insurance. These case studies analyze forestry SME financing creationmethod and practice.These suggestions are good legal environment supporting forestry SME financing,positive tax policies benefitting forestry SME, wide forestry financing channels, perfectingSME indirect financing mechanism, building up the credit guarantee system for forestrySME, perfecting policy-orientated forestry insurance mechanism, promote the collectiveforest right mortgage loan mode,forestry SME solid inner structure,which can improveforestry SME financing conditions.It is to strengthen the coordination of fiscal and credit funds, build up Unique andcomplementary functions of forestry SMEs financial support system, prominent dominantposition of policy-orientated finance in the development of forestry SME, promote forestrycapital markets and widen the forestry financing channels. Moreover, this part introduces thecreation of innovation of this article,shortcomings and future research area.更多还原