【作者】 李正兴；

【导师】 祝黄河；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 党的十七届四中全会强调要“不断推进马克思主义中国化、时代化、大众化”，首次正式提出了马克思主义时代化的命题。马克思主义“三化”分别具有不同的内涵和意义，同时又构成具有内在统一性的有机整体。学术界对于马克思主义中国化、大众化有较深入的研究，但对马克思主义时代化的研究则显得相对薄弱。加强马克思主义时代化的独立研究是一项重要而紧迫的任务。“马克思主义时代化的实现过程研究”具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。该课题立足于把马克思主义时代化作为一个系统要素相互作用的不断向前推进的发展过程，旨在深入分析这一过程的主要构成、内在机制、发展路径和价值指向，从而更好地把握马克思主义时代化的客观规律。这既有助于深化对马克思主义时代化的理论研究，从而丰富马克思主义基本原理的研究内容；也可以为落实马克思主义时代化的战略任务提供理论依据，从而使推进马克思主义时代化的实践活动更加自觉、主动和有效。马克思主义时代化是指马克思主义与时代条件相结合的过程和结果。它包括“马克思主义化时代”和“时代化马克思主义”两个不可分割的基本方面：一方面，要运用马克思主义分析时代条件、解答时代课题、指导时代实践，从而引领和推动时代发展。另一方面，要使马克思主义适应时代需要、汲取时代营养、反映时代精神，从而创新和发展理论。马克思主义时代化的本质是与时俱进，核心是保持马克思主义的先进性，关键是创造时代化马克思主义理论。马克思主义经典作家和党的三代领导集体都十分重视与时俱进地发展马克思主义，提出了许多带指导性的思想理论观点，做出了许多重要论述。这些思想理论是我们正确认识和推进马克思主义时代化的理论依据。马克思主义是随着时代变化而不断发展着的理论体系。马克思主义自从诞生以来就开始了时代化的发展历程，至今已有160多年。这一历史进程可以大致划分为三个阶段，其中经历了两次历史性飞跃，产生了列宁主义和中国特色社会主义理论体系两大标志性的时代化成果。中国共产党人对于马克思主义时代化做出了重大贡献。马克思主义时代化的发展历程启示我们：马克思主义时代化是马克思主义理论和实践发展的重大课题，我们需要始终结合发展变化着的时代条件，在既坚持又发展马克思主义的基础上，不断推动马克思主义与时俱进。这对于中国共产党、中国特色社会主义和马克思主义自身的发展，都具有至关重要的意义。马克思主义时代化是一个动态发展的系统过程。这一过程包括四个基本要素：中国共产党是马克思主义时代化的主体，马克思主义是马克思主义时代化的“理论客体”，时代条件是马克思主义时代化的“条件客体”，中国特色社会主义实践是马克思主义时代化的载体。马克思主义时代化过程包含四个主要环节：坚持理论指导、把握时代条件是准备环节，顺应时代变化、回应时代课题是开端环节，汲取时代精华、总结实践经验是关键环节，推进理论创新、引领实践发展是归宿环节。马克思主义时代化的过程，是科学追求和价值追求相结合的过程，是理论创新和实践创新同发展的过程，也是连续发展与周期发展相统一的过程。马克思主义时代化的发展是由基本要素相互作用的内在机制决定的。从它的实现前提来看，科学把握时代条件是认识前提，完整准确地理解马克思主义是思想基础，既坚持又发展马克思主义是根本态度。从它的发展动力来看，与时俱进的理论品质是内在动力，改革开放的伟大实践是外在动力，实事求是的思想路线是直接动力。从它的成果表达来看，要抓住“实现科学发展”这个主题，结合“中国特色社会主义”的实践课题，围绕“经济全球化时代的核心问题”，不断生成时代化马克思主义成果；这种成果体现在理论工作者研究中的创新成果、党的领袖著作中的理论创新、党的历史文献中的理论创造等三个方面；时代化马克思主义成果在表达上要体现内容具体化、形式多样化、语言通俗化的要求。马克思主义时代化是由多条路径共同推进的系统工程。我们要以深化马克思主义的理论研究为起点，着眼于重大时代问题的理论思考，最终在深化“三大规律”认识过程中推进理论创新，这是马克思主义实现时代化的理论路径。我们要以应对和解决重大实践课题为起点，通过总结实践经验升华理论成果，最终在指导实践并接受实践检验中继续发展马克思主义，这是马克思主义实现时代化的实践路径。我们要立足于社会主义先进文化建设，努力吸收一切人类文明的最新成果，最终在学习批判借鉴中推进马克思主义理论创新，这是马克思主义实现时代化的文化路径。只有不同的路径相互结合，共同作用，形成合力，才能更好地推进马克思主义时代化。推进马克思主义时代化要按照科学性与价值性相统一的要求全面把握其价值指向。首先，以人为本的核心立场决定了马克思主义时代化的根本价值指向，那就是要以人的自由全面发展为终极价值指引，以最广大人民的根本利益为最高价值标准，以群众的民生所需为现实价值取向。其次，中国共产党的价值需要决定了马克思主义时代化的主体价值指向，那就是要以发展党的指导思想为直接价值目标，以巩固党的执政地位为间接价值目标，以实现党的历史使命为根本价值目标。最后，改造世界的实践使命决定了马克思主义时代化的实践价值指向，从中国发展的实践视角来看就是要引领中国高举伟大旗帜、拓展全球视野、融入世界潮流，从世界发展的实践视角来看就是要引领世界把握人类社会发展规律，顺应人类历史发展趋势，推进和平与发展崇高事业。只有坚持正确的价值指向，才能彰显马克思主义时代化的真正意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fourth plenary session of the17th Central Committee of the CPC stressedthat we should continue to make Marxism sinicized, modernized andpopularized, among which the proposition of the modernization of Marxism was firstformally proposed. Each of the three propositions has a different connotation andmeaning, but also constitutes the organic whole with internal unity. The academiccircles have a deeper study on the sinicization and popularization of the Marxism, butthe research on the modernization of the Marxism is relatively weak. To strengthen theindependent research on Marx’s modernization is an important and urgent task."The Study on the Process of Modernization of Marxism" has importanttheoretical and practical significance. The subject is based on the modernization ofMarxism as a system process of interacting elements and continuous development, aimsto analyze the main composition, the internal mechanism, the development path and thevalue orientation of the process, in order to better grasp the objective law of Marxism’smodernization. This not only helps to deepen the theoretical research of Marx’smodernization, so as to enrich the research contents of the basic principle of theMarxism; also can provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of the strategictask of the Marxism modernization, so that promote the practical activities of Marx’smodernization more conscious, active and effective.The modernization of Marxism is refers to the process and result of thecombination of Marxism with the era conditions. It includes two inseparable aspects: tomake Marxism modernized and to make era Marxism-guided. On the one hand, weshould use Marxism to analyze the age conditions, solve era subject and guide thepractice, so as to lead and promote the development of era. On the other hand, weshould make Marxism to meeting the needs of the times, Absorbing the nutrition of thetimes, reflecting the spirit of the times, so as to achieve the innovation and developmentof the Marxism. The essence of Marxism modernization is keeping pace with the times,the core is to maintain the advanced nature of the Marx doctrine, and the key is to createcharacteristic theory of Marx. Marxist classical writers and the leaders of the communistparty of China attached great importance to Marxism advancing with the times; putforward many instructional thought theories, made many important expositions. Thesetheories provide important theoretical guidance for understanding and promoting thework of Marxist modernization.Marxism is the developing theoretical system of keeping pace with the times.Marxist’s modernization has been more than160years since its birth. This historicalprocess can be broadly divided into three stages, which has experienced two historicalleaps and produced two major landmark achievements： The Leninism and Thetheoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Communist Party ofChina made a major contribution to the Marxist modernization. The developmentprocess of Marxist’s modernization enlightens us: the Marxist’s modernization is an important subject of the development of Marx’s theory and practice; we need to alwayscombine with the changing era conditions, insist on the basis of upholding anddeveloping Marxism, and constantly promote Marxism advancing with the times. It isof vital significance for the Chinese Communist Party, socialism with Chinesecharacteristics and Marx’s own development.Marxist’s modernization is a dynamic development process of system. Thisprocess consists of four basic elements: the Communist Party of China is the main bodyof the Marxist’s modernization, the Marxism is "the theoretical object", the eracondition is Marx doctrine of "the conditional object", and the practice of socialism withChinese characteristics is the carrier. Marx’s modernization process contains four mainsteps: adhere to the theoretical guidance, grasps the time condition is the preparation;adapt to the changes of the times, respond to the era subject is the beginning step;absorb the essence of the times, summarize practical experience is the key step; promotetheoretical innovation, leading the practice development is the destination step. Marx’smodernization process, is a process of combining the scientific pursuit and value pursuit,is a process of theoretical innovation and practice innovation and development, is alsothe unity of continuous development and cycle development process.The development of Marx’s modernization is determined by the internalmechanism of basic elements interacting with each other. From its realization premise,grasping the era characteristics is the prerequisite for understanding, the complete andaccurate understanding of Marxism is the ideological foundation, both adhere to anddevelop Marxism is the basic attitude. From its development momentum, the theoreticalcharacter of keeping pace with the times is the intrinsic motivation, the great practice ofreforming and opening is the external power, the ideological line of seeking truth fromfacts is the direct motive. From its results expression, we should to seize the theme of"scientific development", combined with the practice topics of "socialism with Chinesecharacteristics", around the center of "innovation market economy theory", create thetheoretical results of Marxism with characteristics of the age. The theorical resultsreflected in three aspects: in the research achievements of theoretical workers, in thetheoretical innovation of the party’s leader, in the theoretical creation of the CPC’shistorical literature. The expression of the Marx’s achievements should reflect therequirements of specification in content, Diversification in forms and popularization inlanguage.Marxist’s modernization is a system engineering that promoted jointly by avariety of paths. We need to deepen theoretical study of the Marxism as a starting point,to focus on the major time problem of theoretical thinking, finally to promotetheoretical innovation in the process of deepening the "three rules"; this is thetheoretical path of making Marx modernized. We need to deal with and solve majorpractical problems as a starting point, to summarize the practice experience andsublimate theory achievement, finally continues to develop Marxism in the process ofguiding practice and accepting the inspection of practice, this is the practical path ofmaking Marx modernized. We need to strengthen the building of socialist advanced culture, to absorb all the latest achievements of human civilization, finally to promotethe innovation of Marxist theory by learning and critical inheriting; this is the culturalpath of making Marx modernized. Only forming a joint force by the combination andinteraction of different paths can we better promote the Marxist’s modernization.Advancing Marxism modernization needs to fully understand its value orientationin accordance with the requirements of the unity of science and value. First of all, thecore position of people-oriented determines the fundamental value direction of Marx’smodernization, which means we should make people’s development freely and roundlyas the ultimate value guidance, the people’s fundamental interests as the highest valuestandard, the livelihood of the people required as realistic value orientation. Second, theCPC’s needs determine the subject value orientation of Marxism modernization, whichmeans we should make developing the party’s guiding ideology as direct value goal,strengthening the party’s ruling status as indirect value goal, realizing the party’shistorical mission as the basic value goal. Finally, the mission of changing the worlddetermines the practical value orientation of Marxism modernization, From the view ofChina’s development, it will lead China holding the great banner, broadening ourhorizons, integrating with the world trend, aims to achieve our development goals andthe great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation service; from the world developmentpractice perspective, it will lead the world to grasp the law of development of humansociety, conform to the trend of development in human history, adhere to the correctdirection of development, to achieve peace and development in the world. Only byadhering to the correct value orientation, can reveal the true meaning of Marx’smodernization.更多还原