【作者】 刘洋；

【导师】 赵明阶；

【作者基本信息】 重庆交通大学 ， 港口、海岸及近海工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 在山区内河和库区港口建设中，常涉及大面积的陆域填方工程，该类工程具有填方高度大、坡度陡、受变幅水位的影响等特点，填方的压实质量将直接影响到陆域填方的稳定性。然而由于填方填料的粒度变化大、含水量又很不均匀，从而使得现有的压实度测试方法受到相当程度的限制。因而如何快速、经济、有效地检测土石混填地基的压实度已经成为目前港口陆域高填方修筑技术中亟待解决的关键问题。本文基于电阻率对土石混合料的含水量较为敏感、而波速对土石混合料的密实程度较为敏感的特性，采用理论分析、模型试验、现场测试和成像分析等手段在对土石混合料波动传播特性和电阻率特性研究的基础上，建立陆域填方压实指标的反演模型，然后基于层析成像技术，正反演模型和观测系统研究，构建港口陆域填方压实质量的波电场成像评价方法，并通过模型试验和工程应用验证了该方法的可行性和可靠性。本文的主要工作如下：（1）土石混合料波动传播特性的理论与试验研究在对港口陆域填方土石混合料的宏观波动传播特性和土石混合料的等效弹性特性研究的基础上，对土石混合料的等效波动传播特性进行了系统地研究，提出了土石混合料的纵、横波理论传播公式，并按照该理论公式对土石混合料的波动影响因素进行了深入地分析，通过对土石混合料的波动传播特性的试验研究，进一步验证了理论分析的可靠性。（2）土石混合料电阻率特性的理论与试验研究在前人建立的非饱和黏性土的电阻率结构模型的基础上，通过对土的电阻率主要影响因素的综合分析，建立了土石混合料构成的港口陆域填方地基的电阻率结构模型，导出了其电阻率理论公式，并对该类型地基的电阻率影响因素进行了详细分析。随后进行了土石混合料电阻率特性的试验研究，并基于电阻率试验成果，分别从击实次数、含水量以及土石比三个方面对影响该类型介质的主要因素进行了深入分析。（3）港口陆域填方压实指标的反演模型研究以港口陆域填方中横波速度与土石混合料物性参数的理论公式和电阻率与土石混合料物性参数的理论公式为基础，将含水率作为与两者之间均密切相关的共同物性参数，建立港口陆域填方中波电场参数与土石混合料物性参数的理论公式。将该理论公式以函数的形式表示，采用在实际工程中易于测得的宏观参数(波动参数、电场参数)以及其它相关的物性参数作为自变量，将反映土石混合料压实质量的重要物性参数（干密度）作为因变量。以压实度作为港口陆域填方压实质量的控制指标，结合波电场参数与土石混合料物性参数的函数关系式，建立了基于波电耦合特性的港口陆域填方压实度的理论公式。为了该公式在工程应用的便捷性，对该理论公式进行了进一步的简化工作。（4）港口陆域填方压实质量波电场成像的评价方法研究基于层析成像理论以及最小二乘正交分解反演算法原理，提出基于最小二乘正交分解(LSQR)反演算法的波速层析成像实施技术；基于最小构造反演方法，在共轭梯度法的反演方法基础上提出了电阻率层析成像技术。在此基础上，结合港口陆域填方的特点，通过对波速成像和电阻率成像的观测系统的研究，构建了基于直流电测法和波动测试方法的陆域填方压实质量的波电场成像方法，并给出了港口陆域填方压实质量波电场成像评价方法的分析软件、程序和步骤。（5）港口陆域填方压实质量成像评价方法的试验研究为了验证本文提出的港口陆域填方压实质量成像评价方法的可靠性及准确性，分别制作了含空洞区域、不均匀体和未压实区三种不同不密实类型的试验模型。分别利用电阻率成像技术和弹性波成像技术对模型进行了成像观测与处理。依据电阻率成像成果，利用电阻率与土石混合料物性参数的理论公式，计算得到了试验模型的含水率分布图像；依据基于波电耦合特性的港口陆域填方压实度的简化理论公式，以含水率和弹性波速作为计算时所采用的物性参数，获得了试验模型的压实度分布图像，得到了试验模型压实度的空间分布形态，结合试验模型缺陷的设置形态，从而验证了该方法在反演港口陆域填方压实质量方面的适应性和可靠性。（6）富宁港陆域填方压实质量的波电场成像评价采用现场瞬态瑞利波法和直流电法对云南富宁港陆域填方的土石混合料进行了现场测试。利用电阻率成像获得土石混合料的电阻率分布图像，计算获得了土石混合料的含水率分布特征；采用简化剥层法对瞬态瑞利波法测试数据进行处理，获取了土石混合料的横波分布图像；利用基于波电耦合特性的港口陆域填方压实度的简化理论公式，计算获得了测试区域的压实度分布图像，最终得到了富宁港陆域填方的压实度空间分布特征，并对富宁港陆域填方的压实质量进行了评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 Port construction engineerings often involves widespread filled projects of landfield on the mountains and reservoir which has characteristics of fill height, steeperslopes and influenced by the range of water level. The stability of land fill is directlyaffected by the compaction quality of fill.But because of the size distribution of filler changed greatly and the moisturecontent of filler changed unevenly, the existing test method of compaction is limited to acertain degree. So how to detect the compaction of the earth-rock mixture foundationfast, economically and effectively is an urgent problem to solve in current high fillbuilding technology on port construction.Based on the characteristics, such as resistivity is very sensitive to moisture contentof earth-rock mixture, while wave velocity is very sensitive to density of earth-rockmixture, according to the analysis of wave propagation characteristic and resistivitycharacteristics of earth-rock mixture with the method of theoretical analysis,model test,field test and imaging analysis, the compaction index inversion model of land fill isbuilt. Then wave field imaging evaluation method of compaction quality on land fill isestablished with tomography technology, forward and inversion model and observationinvestigation whose feasibility and reliability is verified by model test and engineeringapplication. The main studying contents of this paper are as follows:(1) Theory and experiment research on wave propagation characteristic of earth-rock mixtureBased on the study of macroscopic wave propagation characteristics and equivalentelastic characteristics of earth-rock mixture in port land fill, the equivalent wavepropagation characteristic of earth-rock mixture is researched systematically, the P-wave and S-wave velocity theoretical formulas is raised. According to the theoryformulas, influence factors of wave propagation are studied deeply. The reliability oftheoretical analys is further verified with the experimental research of wave propagationcharacteristics on earth-rock mixture,(2) Theory and experiment research on the resistivity characteristics of earth-rockmixtureOn the basis of the previous resistivity structure model on unsaturated cohesivesoil, according to the comprehensive analysis of main influence factors on soil electricalresistivity, the electrical resistivity structure model of foundation with earth-rock mixture on port land fill is established,then theoretical formula of electrical resistivityis deduced and the affecting factors of electrical resistivity on this foundation isanalyzed in detail; Subsequently, electrical resistivity characteristics of earth-rockmixture is researched with experimental. Based on the result of electrical resistivity test,the main influence factors of this media are analyzed deeply with three aspectsseparately which are compaction times, water content and earth-rock ratio.(3) Inversion model research of compaction index on port land fillOn the basis of the theoretical formulas between S-wave velocities of port land fill,electrical resistivity and physical properties parameters of earth-rock mixture, usemoisture content as common physical properties parameters of close relationship amongthem, then the theoretical formula between wave electric field parameters and earth-rock mixture parameters is built. The theoretical formula is shown with function, themacro-parameters (wave parameters, electric field parameters) and other relevantphysical parameters are as arguments which are easy to test, and the important physicalparameters such as dry density are dependent variable which reflects the compactionquality on soil-rock mixtures. Use degree of compaction as the control index ofcompaction quality for port land fill, and combine the function relationship between thewave electric field parameters and earth-rock mixture parameters, theoretical formula ofcompaction degree for port land fill is established with wave electrical couplingcharacteristics. The theoretical formula is further simplified for application expedientlyin actual engineering.(4) Wave-electric field imaging evaluation methods study ofBased on the acoustic tomography theory and least squares orthogonaldecomposition algorithm principle, velocity tomography implementing technology israised with LSQR inversion algorithm. Based on the minimum structure inversionmethod, the electrical resistivity tomography technology is proposed with conjugategradient inversion method. On this basis, combine the characteristics of port land fill,wave electric field imaging method of compaction quality on port land fill is establishedby the method of direct current test and wave fluctuation testing, and the program, stepsand analysis software of the wave-electric field imaging evaluation methods ofcompaction quality on port land fill is given.(5) The experiment research on imaging evaluation methods of compaction qualityimaging for port land fillIn order to verify the reliability and accuracy of compaction quality imagingevaluation methods on port land fill, three different un-compaction types are produced respectively which are contain empty zone, heterogeneous body, without compactedzone. The imaging observation and treatment of model is done by electrical resistivityimaging technology and elastic wave technology. According to the test results ofelectrical resistivity method, the moisture content distribution picture of test model iscalculated with theoretical formula between physical properties parameters of earth-rock mixture and electrical resistivity; Based on the simplified theoretical formula withwave electrical coupling characteristics for degree of compaction on port land fill, waterratio and the elastic wave velocity as the physical parameters, the degree of compactiondistribution picture on test model is obtained, and the space distribution is also obtained,combine the form of test model defection, the adaptability and reliability of this methodin inversing compaction quality on port land fill is verified.(6) The imaging evaluation on wave-electric field of compaction quality for portland area fill in FuningThe earth-rock mixture filler of land fill in Yunnan Funing port is done a field testby the way of transient Rayleigh wave method and direct current electric method. thedistribution picture of electrical resistivity on earth-rock mixture filler is obtained withelectrical resistivity, the water content distribution characteristics is also calculated; thetest data of transient Rayleigh wave is processed with simplified stripping method, thenthe S-wave distribution picture of earth-rock mixture filler is obtained; the degree ofcompaction distribution picture for test zone is obtained by the simplified theoreticalformula which is based on wave electrical coupling characteristics for degree ofcompaction on port land fill, Finally, the degree of compaction for spatial distributioncharacteristics is obtained on land fill in Funing port, and the compaction quality forport land area fill in Funing is evaluated.更多还原