【作者】 陈吉学；

【导师】 姚润皋；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 弱势群体问题是指在社会运行过程中,由于一定数量的弱势群体的存在,导致社会结构和社会环境失调,从而影响了全体社会成员或部分社会成员的共同生活,对社会正常秩序甚至社会运行安全构成一定的威胁,需要动员社会力量进行干预的社会现象。弱势群体问题的发生是一个较为普遍的现象,迄今为止,历史发展的每一个社会阶段都存在着这一问题。只不过在不同的社会条件下,弱势群体问题的成因、性质、规模、程度、影响等都各不相同,因而其解决的路径、方式和效果也不尽相同。新时期我国社会弱势群体问题是改革开放以来,特别是上世纪90年代以来,伴随经济社会的快速发展,社会转型步伐的加快,以及贫富差距的拉大,阶层分化的加剧而逐步出现的。社会转型是新时期我国社会弱势群体问题最重要的历史背景。弱势群体问题的出现,受到党和政府的高度重视以及全社会的关心、关注。系统梳理国内外关于弱势群体问题的理论观点,认真分析研究新时期我国社会弱势群体问题的现状、影响及产生的原因,并在积极学习借鉴国内外经验基础上制定符合我国实际的行之有效的措施,对于化解新时期我国社会弱势群体问题具有重要的意义。分析、研究和化解弱势群体问题需要科学理论的指导。我国传统文化中所蕴含的关于弱势群体问题的思想、国外关于弱势群体问题的相关理论,为解决新时期我国社会弱势群体问题提供了借鉴；作为科学的世界观和方法论,马克思主义对于促进人类社会进步发展具有普遍的指导意义；在马克思主义指导下,中国共产党结合我国具体实际,对弱势群体问题进行深入探索与思考,中国共产党创立的中国特色社会主义理论体系为我们从理论与实践的结合上有效解决新时期我国社会弱势群体问题,奠定了思想理论基础。新时期我国社会弱势群体问题具有自身特点。它既不同于阶级对立社会的弱势群体问题,也有别于我国传统社会的弱势群体问题。它是社会主义社会人民内部矛盾的一种表现形式,是在人民根本利益一致基础上的矛盾,因而不具有对抗性。只有在党和政府的领导下,在社会主义社会的制度框架内,通过正确的政策和长期的努力,才能使这一问题逐步得到解决。新时期我国社会弱势群体问题的产生有着深刻的经济、文化和社会根源。经济全球化的影响,我国经济社会发展的不平衡,市场经济的冲击等,构成新时期我国社会弱势群体问题产生的经济原因；某些不容乐观的文化现象,信息分化导致现代“知沟”越来越宽,社会歧视和文化排斥以及贫困文化的影响等,构成新时期我国社会弱势群体问题产生的文化原因；社会分层的固化加剧,动态上社会结构的转型变迁、静态上不合理的“二元”社会结构,以及某些具体社会机制的不够合理、完善,构成新时期我国社会弱势群体问题产生的社会原因。分析研究特别是化解新时期我国社会弱势群体问题是一个复杂的系统工程。最根本的就是要在中国特色社会主义旗帜指引下,坚持以经济建设为中心,深化改革开放,通过全面协调可持续的经济社会发展,为解决当代中国包括弱势群体问题在内的一切民生问题提供坚实基础和根本保障。从具体操作层面来说：首先,需要坚持以往鉴今,有选择地继承我国历史上特别是建国以来的相关制度、实践；坚持巧用他山之石,批判学习借鉴发达国家的经验、做法。其次,需要以科学发展观为指导,牢固树立科学的弱势群体观,端正对弱势群体的态度,正确对待新时期我国社会弱势群体和弱势群体问题。最后,需要坚持以人为本,从当前我国经济社会发展和社会弱势群体问题的实情出发,秉承人权保护、公平正义、共同富裕、政府主导、多方参与的原则,有针对性地制定出台符合实际的工作总体思路和具体措施,并积极付诸实施,为新时期我国社会弱势群体问题的最终化解,积极构建和谐社会,为促进人的全面发展,加快全面建设小康社会步伐,实现中华民族伟大复兴做出积极的贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of vulnerable groups refers to the social phenomenon which leads to social structure dissonance and social imbalance, affects the common life of all or some members of the society, threatens the normal social order and social security, and must mobilize social forces to intervene, due to existence a number of vulnerable groups. Problems of vulnerable groups are a common phenomenon. So far, this problem exists in every social development stage. Just under different social conditions, the cause, nature, size, extent and influence of the social vulnerable groups’problem are not identical, so the way and methods to solve and effects are also different.The social vulnerable groups’problems of China gradually appear in the new period since the beginning of the reform and opening up, especially since the90’s of20th century. It occurs with the rapid economic and social development, social transformation to speed up, the widening gap between rich and poor, and social stratum differentiation intensifying. Social transformation is the most important historical background in the new era of social vulnerable groups in our country.The emergence of the social vulnerable groups’problem has been attached great importance to by the party and government. It’s also under the care and attention of the whole society. We don’t only have to tease vulnerable groups’problem theory at home and abroad systematically, but also analyze and research the impact on social status of vulnerable groups and the causes in the new era of China. We should take effective measures to resolve the problem on the basis of learning the experience at home and abroad. These have important significance to resolve the new problems of social vulnerable groups in our country.It needs the guidance of scientific theory to analyze, research and resolve the problem of vulnerable groups. The related theories about vulnerable groups’problem provide rich and useful reference such as the thoughts in Chinese traditional culture and foreign theories. As a scientific world outlook and methodology, Marxism is of general significance to promote the progress of human society. Under the guidance of Marxism, the Communist Party of China has been exploring and thinking about the problems of the vulnerable groups with the concrete practice in our country. The Chinese Communist Party has founded the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics from the combination of theory and practice. It is the ideological and theoretical basis for us effectively to solve the problem of social vulnerable groups in our country in the new period.China’s current social vulnerable groups’problem has some characteristics itself, which is different from the social class antagonism, also different from China’s traditional society. It is a form of internal contradictions among the people in socialist society. It is a contradiction in the fundamental interests of the people on the basis of consistent, thus does not have the antagonism. Only under the leadership of the Party and the government can this problem be solved step by step with the right policies and long-term efforts in the framework of socialist society.The problem of social vulnerable groups has its profound economic, cultural and social roots in our country in the new period. The economic causes are the influence of economic globalization, the unbalanced development of economy and society in China and the impact of the market economy. Some cannot be optimistic about the cultural phenomenon, the information differentiation leads to the modern "knowledge gap" is more and more wide, discrimination and cultural social exclusion and the influence of the poverty culture. These above are the cultural causes. The social causes are such as curing social stratification intensifies, the dynamic transformation of social structure changes, the biannual society that the county and countryside, and some specific social mechanism unreasonable and imperfect.It is a complex system engineering to analyze and resolve the problems of vulnerable groups in our society. The most fundamental thing is under the guidance of the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should persist in taking economic construction as the center, through the deepening of reform and opening up, the overall coordinated and sustainable economic and social development. These above has provided a solid foundation and guarantee for solving the people’s livelihood issues in contemporary China including the vulnerable groups. First of all, we must inherit selectively relevant system and practice in Chinese history especially since the founding of new China. We should critically learn from the experiences and practice of developed countries. Secondly, we need to treat the new period of our country’s social vulnerable groups and vulnerable group’s problems correctly. This requires us to adhere to the scientific outlook on development as a guide, firmly establish the scientific concept and correct the attitude to vulnerable groups. Finally, we must have the people-oriented point and start from the facts of China’s economic, social development and social vulnerable groups’problem. We will uphold the principle such as protection of human rights, justice, common prosperity, government led, multi-party participation. Our government has to formulate the general idea of the work in accordance with the actual and specific measures and actively implement resolve the problem. We don’t only build a harmonious society actively, promote people’s all-round development, but also speed up the pace of building a well-off society in an all-round way to resolve the problem finally. We should make a positive contribution to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.更多还原