【作者】 王芝泉；

【导师】 刘晋浩；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 桉树具有速生、丰产、用途广泛等性质,成为我国栽种面积最广、采伐量最大的人工林之一。在我国广东、广西、云南和福建等地区有大量的桉树人工林基地,成为促进地方经济发展,保持生态环境,搞活林业经济的重要渠道。以往对桉树的研究多集中在育种、种植、抚育和森林经理等领域,对桉树产业生产领域的研究比较少。桉树人工林在我国总体上也是一种粗放式的发展,行业技术和管理水平较低,生产效率和经济效益较低。并且随着国内外木材缺口的不断增加,加上各类现代化的管理方式开始进入到各行各业,所以亟需提高桉树人工林企业的技术水平与管理水平。本文通过对桉树人工林项目投资、生产计划、采伐方式和运输等问题的优化研究,进行桉树人工林产业在投资、生产等方面理论探索,研究桉树人工林在产业发展中的几个关键问题。首先,针对桉树人工林项目具有长期性、不确定性、阶段性等特点,本文利用期权定价理论,弥补了传统以净现金流为核心的投资决策方法无法评价项目的不确定性价值的缺陷,分别使用放弃期权、延迟期权和选择期权的方式评价了桉树人工林项目的不确定性价值。研究表明,相对于传统现金流理论,桉树人工林项目的不确定性价值得到充分体现,期权定价理论更能反映项目的真实、客观价值。本文利用双层目标的线性规划模型,制定了某一时期内,以林场、各木材加工厂、楞场为节点的生产计划。在模型构建中,提出了桉树人工林采伐测度指数的概念,并以采伐小班的平均采伐测度指数最大为上层目标函数,系统生产运输成本最小为下层目标函数构建了双层线性规划模型,并探讨遗传算法和禁忌算法在求解双层线性规划模型中的可能性,并利用分段遗传算法的进行了采伐小班优化选取,应用禁忌-遗传算法实现了下层模型经济效益的最大化,通过一个案例说明模型的构建、算法的实现,并通过计算机工具算出了优化结果,并对各种算法进行了比较分析。本文在分析各种采伐方式成本结构的基础上,研究了三种采伐方式,即自有采伐机的采伐,租赁采伐机的采伐和人工采伐三种采伐方式在桉树人工林项目的使用和优化情况,通过构建线性规划模型计算各小班采伐方式的选择模型。本文最后以楞场选址为主要内容,分别构建了单楞场选址优化模型、多楞场选址优化模型和桉树人工林运输路径优化模型,初步研究了模型的算法,并应用相应的迭代算法编写计算机实现程序。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of fast growing, high yield and versatile natures, eucalyptus is one of the plantations with the largest harvesting and the most plantation area in China. There are a large number of eucalyptus plantation bases in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Fujian Provinces, China, and they are the important channels to promote local economic development, maintain the ecological environment and enliven the forestry economy. In the past, the research on eucalyptus was more concentrated on breeding, planting, tending and forest managers with less eucalyptus industrial production field. In China, eucalyptus plantation is an extensive development with lower industry technology, management level, productivity and economic efficiency. What’s more, with the increasing of timber requirement gap in domestic and foreign, and all kinds of modern management methods in all walks of life, it is necessary to improve technology and management of the eucalyptus plantation enterprises.We explored the theories of the plantation industry in investment and production and investigated the key issues of the eucalyptus plantations in the industry development of the by optimizing eucalyptus plantation project investment, production planning, harvesting methods and transportation issues. First, because eucalyptus plantation project was with the characteristics of long-term, uncertainty and periodicity, we used option pricing theory to make up the defects that the traditional investment decision-making method with the net cash flow as the core cannot evaluate the uncertainty value of the project, and then adopted the abandonment options, delay options and selection options respectively to evaluate the uncertainty value of the eucalyptus plantation project. The results show that compared to traditional cash-flow theory, the uncertainty value of the eucalyptus plantation project can be fully reflected by the option pricing theory with true and objective project value.We developed the production plan with the forest, wood processing factory and wood depot as the nodes in a certain period by double objective linear programming model. In the model construction, we proposed the plantation harvesting measure index and built the double linear programming model by using the maximum of the average logging measure index of harvesting small class as the upper objective function and the minimum of the system production and transportation costs as the lower objective function. Then, we explored the possibility of the genetic algorithm and tab algorithm in the double linear programming model, and selected the optimally harvesting small class by the segmented genetic algorithm. We maximized the economic benefits of the lower model by application of the taboo-genetic algorithms and illustrated the model construction, algorithm implementation with a case. At last, we calculated the optimization results by computer tools and made a comparative analysis based on the various algorithms.In our study, on the basis of the structure cost we developed three cutting ways including logging by own harvesting machine, leasing harvesting machine and artificial. We studied the use and optimization of three cutting ways in eucalyptus plantation project and selected the model to compute harvesting way in each small classe by constructing a linear programming model.Finally, we studied the optimization of the plantation transport paths and the sitings of the wood depots and the wood processing base, and built optimization models for siting and path. By the iterative algorithm, we used a case to study the feasibility and implementation of the model and algorithm.更多还原