【作者】 彭东琳；

【导师】 陈潭；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 马克思主义理论， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 列宁一生最突出的贡献,在理论上继承、捍卫和发展了马克思主义,形成了俄国的马克思主义——列宁主义；在实践上把社会主义由空想变成现实,成功地在俄国建立了世界上第一个社会主义国家,由此开辟了人类历史的新纪元。列宁指出：“没有丰富的知识、技术和文化,就不能建成共产主义。”研究列宁文化建设思想不仅是系统准确地掌握马克思主义的重要内容,也是建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的必然要求。列宁在创建和领导社会主义国家的实践过程中,逐渐形成了关于文化建设的科学思想。列宁文化建设思想的本质特征主要表现为以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为科学指导、坚持马克思主义文化学说的基本原理；思想建构的主旨在于满足俄国广大人民群众的文化需求、为建设社会主义文明服务,建成社会主义和实现共产主义。列宁文化建设思想是列宁在全面考察俄国的历史国情和国内外形势后,把马克思主义的文化学说与俄国的具体实际相结合的基础上逐渐形成和发展起来的,是列宁关于建设社会主义理论的重要组成部分。它有着极其丰富的理论渊源,是在直接汲取马克思恩格斯文化学说的理论基础上,合理借鉴和吸收其他理论家(如车尔尼雪夫斯基、普列汉诺夫)相关思想及俄国优秀的传统思想文化。列宁文化建设思想经历了一个长期的形成和发展过程。早在19世纪末,列宁在对自由主义民粹派思想的挑战与回应中,捍卫和发展马克思主义理论,开启了关于俄国文化发展的理论探索之路。十月革命后,列宁从俄国的实际出发,就怎样在社会主义过渡的过程中,建成和发展社会主义文化提出了一系列的方针策略和原则措施。在新经济政策时期,列宁指出随着政治革命和政治变革的任务结束,文化建设的任务应成为俄国社会主义建设的重要内容,“提高文化水平是最迫切的任务之一,”列宁关于建设社会主义文化的思想从确立形成阶段已逐步成熟。俄国是多民族的传统农业大国,列宁基于俄国的特殊国情的考虑,其文化建设思想包含了文化诸多层面的事业建设,主要是思想政治建设、教育事业建设、文化事业建设、社会道德建设、科学技术建设、民族文化建设和农村文化建设等,七者相互联系,共同组成文化建设的规划蓝图。列宁文化建设思想是列宁对苏维埃俄国的文化领域和文化发展问题的理论把握和战略思索。探究理论的基本目的在于考察列宁文化建设思想对中国实践的现代启示和重要意义。2012年11月,党的十八大将中国特色社会主义建设的总体布局定为经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态建设五位一体,并提出“建设社会主义文化强国”战略思想。加强理想信念教育建设,是建设社会主义先进文化的首要环节,是实现中国特色社会主义事业的根本目标——人的全面发展的基本途径,也是思想政治建设的最基本内容。以列宁文化建设思想为科学依据,清除“虚化”、“淡化”的理想信念,树立正确的理想信念,才能巩固和建设意识形态的主流阵地,才能切实抓好社会主义精神文明建设。农村文化建设是列宁文化建设思想的基本问题。中国是人口众多的农业大国,中国特色社会主义的文化建设、更好地解决“三农问题”,同样离不开农村文化发展的重要课题。农村文化建设是当前和以后解决“三农问题”和推进文化建设的难点和突破点。只有巩固与发展农村文化阵地,社会主义新农村建设和社会主义文明建设的目标才能指日可待。列宁指出,继承良好的阅读文化传统,创建先进的阅读设施和舒适的阅读环境,不断推进社会文化活动工程,是建设社会主义文化的重要实现形式和具体举措,对提高社会文化水平和国民整体素质有着不可或缺的意义。积极开展广泛多样的社会文化活动工程和国民阅读活动,加强图书馆和阅览室建设,亦是当前我国文化建设中一项必需承载的任务。更多还原

【Abstract】 The most outstanding contribution of Lenin was that he theoretically inherited, defended and developed the Marxism, formed the Russian Marxism—Leninism; He in practice made the scientific socialism become reality and successfully established the first socialist country in the world, which ushered in a new era in the history of mankind. Lenin pointed out:"If there are no abundant knowledge, technology and culture in a country, it would be impossible to build communism." The research on Lenin’s thought of culture construction is not only an important content of systematically and accurately grasp the Marxism, but also is the necessary requirement of building a prosperous, democratic civilized and harmonious modern socialist country. In the practice process of creating and leading socialist countries, Lenin gradually formed the scientific thought of culture construction. The main essential features of Lenin’s culture construction thought was the basic principle under the scientific guidance of dialectical materialism and historical materialism and adhering to the Marxism culture theory; The gist of thought construction was to meet the Russian people’s cultural needs, service the construction of socialist civilization, establish socialism and realized communism.The cultural construction thought of Lenin was gradually formed and developed on the basis of fully studying Russian history and the situation at home and abroad, and on the basis of combing Marxism culture theory and Russia reality, which was an important part of Lenin on the socialist construction theory. It was extremely rich and on the basis of directly sucking Marx and Engels’s culture theory, reasonably absorbing and profiting other related theorists (such as Chernyshevsky, Plekhanov) ideas and Russia’s excellent traditional culture.Lenin’s thought of culture construction had been experienced a long-term formation and development process. Early in the end of the19th Century, Lenin defended and developed Marxism in the challenge and response of the liberal populists thoughts, opened an exploration road of Russian culture development. After the October revolution, from the Russian reality, in the socialist transition process, Lenin pointed out a series of policy, tactic, principle and measures on socialist culture building and development.During the period of the new economic policy, Lenin pointed out with finishing the task of political revolution and political change, the task of culture construction should become an important content of Russian socialist construction."improve the level of culture is one of the most urgent task." Lenin’s thought on socialist culture construction from the stage of establishment and formation had gradually mature.Russia was the traditional agricultural and bigger country. Based on the consideration of Russia’s special national conditions, Lenin’s thought of culture construction was mainly composed of the thought construction, education construction, culture construction, moral construction, technology construction, national culture construction and rural culture construction, these seven was interrelated and together made up the mutual planning blueprint for the cultural construction. Lenin’s thought of cultural construction was that Lenin theoretical grasped and strategically thought on Soviet Russia culture and cultural development.The basic purpose of research theory on Lenin’s culture construction thought is to get modern enlightenment and significance for China’s practice. In November2012, the18th congers of the communist party of China made the overall layout of socialism construction with Chinese characteristics should include economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, ecological construction as the five one and puts forward the strategic thought of constructing socialist culture powerful state. To Strengthen the education construction of ideal and belief is the first step of construction socialism advanced culture, the basic way to realize the basic goal of socialism cause with Chinese characteristics(man’s all-round development) and also the most basic content of ideological construction. On the basis of Lenin’s culture construction thought as scientific way to remove "false","fade" ideal, thus it can sets up the correct ideal, consolidate and construct the mainstream position of ideology,thus it can actually catch socialism spiritual civilization construction. The culture construction in rural is the basic problem of Lenin’s culture construction thought. China is a populous agricultural country, The socialism culture construction with Chinese characteristic, better solving the "three rural issues", those also cannot leave the important topic of culture construction in rural. The cultural construction in rural is the difficult points and breakthrough of solving the "three rural issues" and promoting of the cultural construction at present and in the future. Only consolidating and developing the rural culture can achieve new rural construction of socialism and socialist civilization construction target in the near future. Lenin pointed out inheriting the good reading culture, creating advanced reading facilities and comfortable reading environment, promoting constantly of the social and cultural activities was an important form of realization and concrete measure of building a socialist culture, which has great significance for improving the level of social culture and national overall quality. Actively carrying out a wide variety of social cultural activities, extending on national reading activities, strengthening library and reading room construction in community and rural, is also an task of our culture construction at present.更多还原